Duluth’s Tim Kaiser builds his own mondo-retro effects. “They’re basically one-offs,” he says. “This pic has a few delays, a mechanical vibrato, and an optical theremin. The vibe is not a true vibrato that warbles the signal. Instead, I'm using a rotary phone dial which rapidly opens and closes a switch interrupting the signal to create a kind of burst-stutter effect. The signal chain then goes to one of the delays.”