july 2010

Chad Weaver gets the show back on the road despite losing nearly everything in the floods

If anyone saw the pictures I sent in place of last month's column, you know why I wasn't able to write. National media didn't talk about the flooding as much as our local news showed it but I've got to (thankfully) say I've never seen anything like that before. On Saturday May 1st, the streets began to fill up with water. As you may have read about in this month's cover story, one of those streets was Cowan Street, the location of Soundcheck rehearsal hall/gear storage and rental. It's located in downtown Nashville and housed storage lockers for more names in the music business than I have space to write in this column. Since the end of Brad Paisley's American Saturday Night Tour, we had placed all of our road gear there but were due to load out of on May 3rd. Unfortunately, it was about 36 hours too late. When I woke up on the morning of May 2nd, Cowan Street was completely flooded and Soundcheck had about 3 1/2 feet of water inside the building.

After breathing a sigh of relief that Brad's Trainwreck and all of his old Voxs were at home, I immediately started thinking of what I had on the floor of the locker, what was stacked high and wondering how I was going to pull off a brand new tour rehearsal that was set to begin the following morning. I called Brad and told him that I was going to assume a total loss until proven otherwise because we didn't have the time frame to wait and see. The first shows of the tour were in three weeks.

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Improvising jazz lines over non-functioning dominant 7th chords

Dominant 7th chords are dominant chords that resolve to their respective I chord. In this lesson we’ll take a look at the other type of dominants: non-functioning.

When a dominant chord does not resolve to its I chord, the harmony doesn’t act the way we expect. Therefore, the scale choice for a non-functioning should not be one that sets up expectations of a I chord. We need a scale choice that will not make the listener feel that the I chord is coming; that scale is the Lydian b7 scale. Its formula is 1–2–3–#4–5–6–b7. Notice that all four tones of the dominant 7th are present: 1, 3, 5, and b7.

Helpful Hint

Try looking at scales as arpeggios with notes in between chord tones. Notice that the 2nd (9th) is between 1 and 3, the #4th (#11) is between 3 and 5, and the 6th (13th) is between 5 and b7.

What is it about the Lydian b7 scale that softens the strong attraction to the I chord? The #11. The #11 is a “disorienting tone” that seems to give the entire Lydian b7 scale an ambiguous effect.

The Melodic Minor Connection
The modes of the melodic minor scale are more useful than the scale itself for use as chord scales over different chords. The seventh mode of the melodic minor scale is also known as the altered scale or the Super Locrian. The sixth mode of melodic minor is identical to the Locrian #2 scale. In this lesson we’ll find another melodic minor connection in relation to the Lydian b7 scale.

Here are the notes of the G Lydian b7 scale.



And here are the notes of a D melodic minor scale.



A side-by-side comparison shows the amazing coincidence.



They’re the same notes! We can say that the G Lydian b7 scale is the same as playing the D melodic minor scale from the 4th degree to the 4th degree. This means that G Lydian b7 is another name for the fourth mode of D melodic minor. Put yet another way, we can say that the G Lydian b7 scale is the same as playing the melodic minor scale up a 5th from the root of the non-functioning dominant 7th chord. For now, we will rely on this way of explaining the Lydian b7 scale/melodic minor scale relationship.

So, over a non-functioning dominant 7th chord, in order to soften the sense of pull to the I chord and create a feeling of ambiguity, you may play the Lydian b7 scale from the root of the V dominant 7th chord. This is the same as playing the melodic minor scale up a 5th from the root of the V dominant 7th chord.



Now you try playing the G Lydian b7 scale over the static G7 vamp. (Download Audio Example)

Clearly not all non-functioning dominant 7th chords are static vamps. Most will be found surrounded by other chords. The next example puts the non-functioning G7 chord in a short progression with another chord. Listen to the example. Ama7 is the tonic chord, therefore we use the A major scale over it. Since the G7 is therefore a non-functioning dominant, we use G Lydian b7 (D melodic minor scale) over it.

Download Audio Example - Download Backing Track



This lesson comes from:

Introduction to Jazz Guitar Soloing

Play less, leave space, and listen to the results

An epiphany struck me from a rather unusual source recently: a guitar pedal. I never would have realized this critical and fundamental thing were it not for a Blues Brother-esque trade that I made. Okay, it wasn’t a car for a microphone, but I’m still going to use the metaphor.

I recently traded a slew of gear for, well, a slew of gear with a fellow guitarist at work—the trade included everything from an older iPhone and Mackie Onyx mixer to a $400 keyboard stand. Thankfully, the exchange reunited me with a long-lost favorite, the Boss DD-3 Digital Delay pedal. After a few days (and after I realized that one can never own too many 9-volt batteries), I plugged it into my AC15 and just sat noodling for hours. It was during this session that I couldn’t help but notice how the timing and tone for each note became crucial because I was hearing it repeat four or five times.

You know how it goes. Two seconds back on the proverbial bike again, and you recall old songs or patterns you played, which only that specific piece of gear lets you make. It might be a Rat, a Strat, or a Jazzkat, but if you’re reading this, odds are there’s a piece of gear in particular that inspired you to find new sounds that became verses, that were in turn the basis for an entire song. The DD-3 was my muse for years, and it has been again over the past few months.

And here’s why: One of the inevitabilities of delay pedals is that you’ll be either entirely encumbered by them or you’ll be forced to learn how to have some reserve with your playing. As a guitarist, I struggle with what I’ve found to be a relatively common dilemma: I don’t need to play all of the notes in the song all of the time. Whether you’re in a band or not, this applies, and I would challenge you to tell me that space doesn’t determine quite a bit of how your tone sounds.

Anecdotally, I was plugged into Guitar Rig or some such modeler the other day, and was adjusting the amount of reverb (the amount of room). It is simply incredible what the difference is between hearing this when you palm mute a note and when you just strum straight through a verse. It’s absolutely night and day, and this tells me that (again) silence is still gold en, perhaps nearly as important as the notes being played, the order they are played in, etc.

Famous orchestral conductor Leopold Stokowski once said, “Musicians paint their pictures on silence.” A blank canvas is what we start with in most artistic mediums, and having done a good bit of recording of bands and solo acts over the past several years, I think it’s safe to say that the ear can be just as lazy as the eye. What I mean by that is our ears can lose the faculty for detail, especially while we are being bombarded with all things over-filled, over-compressed, and over-the-top. This isn’t to be negative or to beat the worn-down drum of “music these days sucks,” but really, take a listen to Elgar, to Bon Iver, or put on “Since I’ve Been Loving You” and tell me that they need “more.” Less is already great.

And more will make your DD-3 sound like @#$%.

So why not leave some space?

It tends to

draw attention

to certain things.

As a matter of course, we’ve probably all played too many notes at one time or another. This limits the other instruments in the band, or the vocal part’s dynamics, or even the song’s ability to change and to stay interesting. Go outside of your genre and listen to how carefully orchestrated a symphony has to be. You might have a particular instrument take a four-measure pause with only the most nuanced stroke at a certain moment that triggers an emotional response. Nothing else would do—that’s silence for you.

Give this a shot: play the music, not the instrument.

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