The Nashville-based YouTube sensation who’s slung strings with Carlos Santana and Stevie Wonder digs into the surf and Johnny Smith jazz versions of this ’50s/’60s classic.
The Vox V241 Bulldog is (almost) a dead ringer for a Mosrite, but plugging in reveals a mellower sound that is less Ventures and more … Pinky Perky and the Beakles?
I mention this all the time, but I have a real fascination with old music catalogs and print media. The other day, as I was perusing all my catalogs and magazines, I came across my grungy Vox catalog from 1966. The Beatles were on the cover! On page 6, the print reads: "Vox: It's what's happening to the world's top beat groups." The text goes on to list some rather interesting band names that must have been using Vox gear.
There are some big hitters like the Beatles, the Animals, the Hollies, the Zombies, and the Kinks. But then there are some pretty obscure bands that I'd never heard of. Like, have you ever heard of Pinky Perky and the Beakles? Or how about Millie and the Embers? The Anzaks? The Black Sheep? The Palace Guard? The Guillotines? Naming some of these bands would make for a great drinking game.
Also, there on page 6 was one of my favorite old Vox guitars: the V241 Bulldog! The Bulldog was a straight-ahead rock 'n' roll offering from a time when Vox axes were mostly odd-shaped (think Phantom or Mark VI teardrop) and outfitted with increasingly complex controls and electronics. The Bulldog simply had three pickups, a 3-way switch, a single volume knob, and two tone controls. When you compare the Bulldog to the '66 Vox V251 Guitar Organ—which had more knobs and switches than a NASA control panel—it's truly a lesson in economy.
Borrowing heavily from the Mosrite Ventures guitar, the Bulldog sports a similar carved top, a side jack, a zero fret, a large aluminum nut, and a vibrato that feels like a combination of a Mosrite and a Bigsby. There are all sorts of chrome accents, and, typical for the time, the Bulldog came equipped with a bridge mute, which you can press down on the strings in lieu of palm muting. Sunburst was the only finish option. The fretboard is a lovely ebony slab with tiny fret dots, and the neck—which doesn't feel exactly like a Mosrite—plays fast. I also really dig the headstock, which is like an offset V that blends well with the large Vox logo.
You know how it feels when you hold a guitar and you know that it's a real, robust, reliable instrument? That's how the Bulldog feels.
The biggest difference between the Bulldog and the Ventures model is its sound. The old Mosrite guitars had some rather aggressive pickups and the Bulldog pickups are a bit sedate in comparison. I think that's why I eventually sold mine. For me, it was kind of limited in the tone department. But still, it has a place in semi-clean surf music.
The Vox Bulldogs were built in Italy by the Eko Company. In a way, these guitars were almost "overbuilt," because they used high quality woods and components, like a truss rod with their "Double-T" channel design that is rugged and works well. You know how it feels when you hold a guitar and it's a real, robust, reliable instrument? That's how the Bulldog feels.
I suppose Vox guitars were never really that popular in the U.S., which may have been due more to the price than the sound. At $399, the Bulldog was one of the most expensive guitars in the Vox catalog! In 1966, a Fender Stratocaster went for around $300, and a Telecaster was closer to $200. But guess what? The Mosrite Ventures model cost $398! The original Mosrite was a dollar cheaper than the Vox copy. Crazy, huh?
The Vox Bulldog faded from the lineup shortly after its initial release. In subsequent years, it sort of morphed into the V262 Invader, which retained the Mosrite shape but became much more complex, with features like a built-in tuner and effects such as boosters, percussion, and wah. That Mosrite, I could argue, was one of the most influential electric guitar designs ever. It inspired guitar builders from all over the world, and the amount of Mosrite copies made back in the day was really something. But rather than argue, I'm going to research some of the old bands in the Vox catalog. I wonder where Millie and the Embers are now.…
Crank up the ’verb and give that whammy bar a workout.
Intermediate
Intermediate
- Explore the basic concepts of surf guitar.
- Understand how surf tunes are arranged.
- Play melodies and leads in an authentic surf style.
Surf music coalesced as a genre in the early 1960s, borrowing elements from an eclectic range of musical styles, from early rock 'n' roll and country to more exotic Middle Eastern and klezmer sounds. At the forefront of this musical movement were such artists as Dick Dale—the self-proclaimed "King of the Surf Guitar"—and bands like the Ventures, the Surfaris, the Chantays, and the Astronauts. The genre itself is divided into instrumental and vocal camps, with the Beach Boys, of course, being the most popular of the vocal crew, though many purists only consider the instrumental music to be true surf.
When the British Invasion hit American audiences, it left instrumental surf music in the rear view of popular culture, but surf continued to exist as a more underground phenomenon. Currently, there's a grassroots resurgence of surf music, and bands like Surfer Joe, Black Flamingos, Messer Chups, and the Surfrajettes are touring all over the world, organizing festivals, running record labels, and keeping surf alive and healthy.
It's easy to define surf music by its aesthetics: Just throw a lot of reverb on a solidbody Fender guitar with a whammy bar—preferably a Jazzmaster or Jaguar—and you're already halfway there. But the characteristic musical elements are what really explain the genre. The guitar is the central instrument in surf music, so for this lesson, we'll unpack the characteristics of surf guitar.
Since many surf bands have two guitars, arranging is a key to the surf treatment. "Walk Don't Run" by the Ventures is a great song to consider. It's a cover of a jazz tune by guitarist Johnny Smith, which he based on the chords of the jazz standard "Softly, As in a Morning Sunrise." It was first covered by Chet Atkins before the Ventures put their spin on it by getting rid of the swing feel and turning the descending bass part into an iconic riff. This treatment made "Walk Don't Run" an archetypal surf tune.
The Ventures "Walk Don't Run"
In Ex. 1, Guitar 2 plays power chords that outline an ascending bass line, while Guitar 1 plays a lead melody that floats over the power chords like the Ventures' take on "Walk Don't Run."
Ex. 1
Duane Eddy was an early innovator who influenced so many guitarists, including those in early surf bands that drew inspiration from his twangy sound. One of Eddy's pioneering ideas was simply playing melodies in the lowest octave of the guitar. As basic as that might sound, when arranging simple songs for an instrumental band, it's important to repeat themes without making them sound overly repetitive. With their take on Les Baxter's "Taboo," the Jokers made use of the guitar's full range by shifting the main melody down to the 6th and 5th strings.
The Jokers - Tabou (famous guitar band from Belgium) beroemde gitaar band uit België
In Ex. 2, the same melody from the previous example is now transposed to the lower octave. The very last note has been removed since it's below the range of standard tuning. Notice the heavy use of the whammy bar on a few of the longer notes.
Ex. 2
Miserlou
Much like the exotica craze of the 1950s and early 1960s that found artists like Les Baxter and Martin Denny recreating the music of other cultures, often creating a mix of influences within the same song, surf musicians embraced the use of exotic scales and modes, particularly drawing on Middle Eastern music for inspiration. Dick Dale most notably brought the traditional song "Misirlou" into the surf canon from the Eastern Mediterranean region and made it one of the most well-known and recognizable instrumental surf tunes.
"Misirlou" is based on an intriguing scale (Ex. 3) called the E double harmonic (1–b2–3–4–5–b6–7) in Western music, though it has other names in different cultures. Ex. 4 shows the melody and chords to "Misirlou."
Ex. 3
Ex. 4
The first surf guitar virtuoso, Dale relied on tremolo picking to play ripping versions of songs like "Misirlou," as well as the klezmer song "Hava Nagila" and many others. Ex. 5 shows a lick that's based on the same scale as "Misirlou," played only on the 1st string. It begins with a muted tremolo-picked slide, which is often used as an introduction to a phrase or as a fill in surf music. The first half of the lick uses tremolo picking to articulate the notes, followed by two descending trills that resolve back to the open string.
Ex. 5
Ex. 6 features a melody arranged in three different ways over a rhythm guitar part to show how the techniques in this lesson can come together to make a surf instrumental. First, the melody is played in the guitar's middle range. Then it's played an octave up with tremolo picking, trills, and a tremolo-picked slide. Finally, it lands in the lowest octave and is executed with some heavy vibrato. Notice the use of the Am(maj7) chord, especially in the last measure. Try this spicy voicing when you want to imply a noir-ish spy movie vibe.
Ex. 6
Experiment with these ideas to give some of your songs the surf treatment ... and don't forget the reverb!
This article was updated on August 30, 2021.