
Intermediate
Intermediate
- Learn how to build up the foundation of heavy metal rhythm guitar.
- Develop a deeper understanding of drop-D tuning.
- Create grinding riffs in the style of King’s X, Judas Priest, and more.
What’s a Pedal Tone?
A pedal tone or pedal point is static note—usually in the bass register—against which higher notes and/or chords are sounded. Ex. 1 is reminiscent of a rhythm guitar lick favored by early metal pioneers like Ozzy Osbourne guitarist Randy Rhoads, or Glenn Tipton and K.K Downing of Judas Priest. It features two-note dyads (also called double-stops) articulated against a pedal tone on the open 5th string in a jagged syncopated rhythm. Palm mute the open string and articulate the chord stabs with a short aggressive picking-hand motion.
Ex. 1
Judas Priest - Live in San Bernardino 1983/05/29 [US Festival '83] [50fps]
Riffin’ With the Devil
Western music is based on a division of the octave into 12 equal half-steps, and on guitar a half-step is simply one fret’s distance. One of the most sinister-sounding intervals is the tritone, which is named because you have three whole-steps between the notes. In fact, it has often been called “The Devil’s Interval.” Guitarists like Black Sabbath’s Tony Iommi and Metallica’s James Hetfield have both used its jarring edge to great effect, often sounding a Bb5 power chord against an open 6th string pedal tone for maximum angst. Play through Ex. 2 to get a taste of the ominous-sounding tri-tone interval and remember to keep a slight palm-mute on the pedaled 6th string.
Ex. 2
BLACK SABBATH - "Iron Man" (Official Video)
16th-Note Shred Secrets
As metal progressed into the new millennium, it branched off into various subgenres, many of which relied on a fusillade of rapid-fire 16th-note riffs played at breakneck tempos. Mastering the metric methods of bands like Slipknot, Gojira, and Lamb of God may seem daunting. The trick is to realize that there are only a finite number of ways to subdivide a beat and, once learned, these individual one-beat stems can be strung together in different combinations to create more complex patterns. Ex. 3 shows four common 16th-note rhythms. Play the first using a steady alternate picking-hand motion. For the second, third, and fourth patterns, continue the alternate picking-hand motion but “ghost” the missing stroke by simply not hitting the string. It’s imperative that your picking-hand never stops an alternating motion. This will help you navigate complex rhythms with both speed and accuracy. Once mastered, the four stem-rhythms can be connected together consecutively to create driving single-note riffs like the one in Ex. 4.
Ex. 3
Ex. 4
Flirtin’ With Invertin’
The root-fifth power chord voicing is the most common form of harmonic currency in the metal kingdom. One cool-sounding derivative of this formula is to switch the positions of (aka “invert”) the root and the fifth by playing the root above the fifth. This grip can be sounded by simply barring across any fret on the two lowest strings or—for a fuller sound—adding those same two notes up an octave by also barring the D and G strings two frets higher. Check out the C#5/G# power chord in Ex. 5. Once learned, this grip can be tied in with 16th-note rhythms and a pedaled low E string as shown in Ex. 6.
Ex. 5
Ex. 6
Drop to the Top
One lasting sonic innovation that became ubiquitous in metal was when King’s X started to crank out incredible drop-D riffs. To be fair, other guitarists had experimented with this before, but it was King’s X who first worked out a harmonic vocabulary around the one-finger root-fifth-octave power chords that are easily facilitated by the drop tuning like the F5 shown in Ex. 7.
Ex. 7
Now power chords could be phrased with the same expression and fluidity as single notes. Ex. 8 ably demonstrates how a one-finger-barre voicing makes full-chord slides, hammer-ons, and pull-offs easy to facilitate.
Ex. 8
By the mid ’90s, myriad variations of lowered tunings had become extremely commonplace in the metal universe. Beginning guitarists are sometimes flummoxed by these alterations, but the overwhelming majority of the time they are just detuned versions of both standard and drop-D tunings, meaning everything you play in them will be fingered the same way, it will just be at a lower pitch. Some of the most common lowered tunings in metal are standard down a half-step, aka “Eb” (Eb–Ab–Db–Gb–Bb–Eb), standard down a whole-step, also called “D standard” (D–G–C–F–A–D) and drop-D down a whole-step (C–G–C–F–A–D), which is sometimes referred to as drop-C. If you’re a little hesitant about retuning your guitar, keep in mind that you’ve already learned to tune it to standard.
Learning to switch back and forth to a different tuning will be just as easy (if not easier) than when you first learned to tune. Try retuning your guitar to these then revisit some of the previous examples using the exact same fingerings, and see how the lower register affects the sound.
Octivate Your Device
Another cool intervallic device commonly used in hard rock and metal riffs is the octave shape shown in Ex. 9. It is most easily fingered by removing the middle note of a root-fifth-octave barre chord. You’ll want to use your first finger to fret a note on the fifth string while curving it to make enough contact with the fourth string that it mutes that string completely.
Ex. 9
Octaves are great for sliding melodically up and down the neck and—as demonstrated in Ex. 10—can be sounded in unison against pedal tones, or broken up into individual notes creating cool intervallic leaps. In the latter case remember to keep the octave hand shape constant.
Ex. 10
Now that you’ve got a basic handle of some of the most common rhythm guitar techniques you can listen to how they are employed by the great artists of the genre and use this as a jumping off point for your own songs!
- Lethal Metal: Anthrax's Scott Ian and Jon Donais - Premier Guitar ›
- Cram Session: Thrash-Metal Rhythms - Premier Guitar ›
- How to Master Heavy Metal Rhythms - Premier Guitar ›
- Municipal Waster—OG Metal for Party-Thrashers - Premier Guitar ›
- Mastodon and Gojira Announce 2023 Tour - Premier Guitar ›
- Slave to Sirens Discuss Metal in the Middle East - Premier Guitar ›
- How to Palm Mute - Premier Guitar ›
Another pedal, another chance to win! Enter Stompboxtober Day 27 for your shot at today’s pedal from Gibson Maestro Pedals!
Maestro Fuzz-Tone FZ-M Fuzz Pedal
Maestro created the world’s first fuzz pedal – the Maestro Fuzz-Tone FZ-1. Introduced in 1962, the Fuzz-Tone became the sound of rock and roll and a must-have accessory for guitarists everywhere after the success of 1965’s (I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction by the Rolling Stones, which prominently featured its cutting edge sound. Now Maestro is bringing the fun and sonic fury of those early Fuzz-Tones back with the new Maestro Fuzz-Tone FZ-M. This all-analog pedal boasts a Mode toggle switch that provides two pedals in one functionality for increased sonic versatility with both an FZ-1 inspired fuzz sound and a thicker, more modern fuzz tone. Its 3-knob control layout gives you intuitive control. The Attack knob controls the amount of fuzz. The Tone control lets you adjust the timbre from bright and raspy to warm and wooly and anywhere in between. Use the Level control to set the output volume; it can go way beyond unity gain when desired. The true bypass footswitch triggers the LED lights in the bugles in the Maestro logo when it’s on, so you’ll always know when the effect is active.
Brad Labelle
Nap Eyes’ Brad Labelle joins reader Galen Brownson and PG staff in sharing about what makes them—and thereby, their tunes—so unique.
Question: What are some personal qualities of yours that set you apart from others in your writing or playing?
Brad Labelle - Nap Eyes
A: I love dance music and have an unrelenting thirst for new and fresh sounds. I don’t feel my guitar playing is particularly groundbreaking, but those influences must seep through somehow. I do believe I’m a fairly expressive player and my short attention span keeps me endlessly improvising.
Nap Eyes’ latest release, The Neon Gate.
Obsession: I can’t stop listening to the recent Jane Remover track “Magic I Want U.” The production is deeply detailed but doesn’t feel cluttered, and her melodic sensibilities are intoxicating. She gives you crunchy guitars paired with breakbeats, West Coast synth lines, a Janet Jackson-esque electro outro, scratching, a fun little guitar solo.... I could go on.
As of late, Two Star & the Dream Police by Mk.gee has been in Brad's regular listening rotation.
Galen Brownson - Reader of the Month
Metallica’s two-guitar format inspired Galen when he was learning guitar.
A: When I was learning how to play, I was listening to a lot of two-guitar bands, like Metallica and Megadeth and Iron Maiden. I tried to find ways to play both guitar parts at once, which is not always possible, but I write two parts for one guitar now.
Metallica’s second album is a fan favorite of their early, pioneering years.
Obsession: My latest obsession is finding ways to combine metal music with electronic music, particularly dubstep. My younger brother once chastised me for ignoring electronic music by saying “metal and dubstep have a lot in common,” and he was absolutely right. I’ve since made it a goal to weave them together.
Galen names Polis by Uppermost, a French electronic music producer, as one of his favorite records.
Ted Drozdowski - Editorial Director
Ted takes a slide solo on his well-traveled and beloved Dollycaster.
A: My interests toggle between history and mystery, so my technique is based in archaic/anarchic blues playing styles and an expansive sonic palette that relies on blending fingerpicking, slide, and an array of pedals to create tones and sheets of sound. I think of it as cosmic roots music, and don’t hear a lot of other people doing what I do the way I do it.
The marquee image for Ted and Coyote Motel’s new movie, The River: A Songwriter’s Stories of the South.
Obsession: For a few years now, much of my creative energy has been invested in a feature film I created with my band Coyote Motel—scripting, recording narration, performing as part of the band, editing, and learning many painfully new and hard lessons about movie-making. And then getting the film to festivals, where we’ve won laurels, and onto a few select screens. Now, I’m working on distribution, in a field where there ain’t no Bandcamp or DistroKid. It ain’t easy, but I’m obsessed with getting The River: A Songwriter’s Stories of the South into the world.
The current state of Ted’s pedalboard. (He’s aware he could do a better job with the wiring.)
Kate Koenig - Managing Editor
Kate’s newest album, which contains some of their rawest and most vulnerable lyrics to date.
A: I wear my heart on my sleeve—to the point where I’ve always struggled to have a verbal filter—so I tend to write very raw, vulnerable lyrics. A taste for cerebral art during my formative years has also informed my approach to coming up with challenging and intricate fingerpicking guitar parts.
When PG’s worldly gear editor Charles recommended Black Flag’s record Damaged, Kate got on that posthaste.
Obsession: I’ve been revisiting, digging into, and expanding my knowledge of classic ’80s and ’90s punk in preparation for my next artist interview for Premier Guitar(some foreshadowing, eh?). I have always been intrigued by punk culture’s outspoken rebelliousness and commitment to anarchic ideals, which strike me as free and authentic.
Kate has a distinct memory of a classmate playing “You’re Gonna Go Far, Kid” on loop in their senior-year studio-art class. (They still wonder why their teacher didn’t intervene.)
Made for record-store display, this Nivico Balladeer features a hand-painted “Balladeer” label on the headstock.
This guitar, with its hand-painted label, was built to be hung on display at a record store. While it has a bit more to be desired, its pickups are surprisingly forceful.
Last weekend, our family was visiting local college campuses for my daughter, and I have to tell you all that I am truly entering a strange new chapter of my life. I can vividly remember my wife and I taking birthing classes and feeling my daughter’s little feet kicking from inside the womb. And now, here I am on the precipice of my girl possibly leaving home—wow. It occurred to me while I was pondering life that I’m going to miss her so much! She’s like the female version of me and we have a blast together.
While we were touring campuses, we had to check out the record store scene of each town. In fact, that became the litmus test for how cool each college seemed. We did visit my alma mater, which has a legendary record store that’s been around since the early ’90s. Even though the store has changed locations a few times, it remains an epic source for vinyl, CDs, and all sorts of various ephemera. It’s easy to drop $100 there, and since I can’t say no to my girl, we ended up with some cool treasures. She found some Ty Segall stuff and I copped a rare Wu-Tang record! Love the Wu!
As I was paying for our things, I noticed a few guitars hanging behind the counter. In the true tradition of a good record store, there were an assortment of guitar strings, drumsticks, and picks. I started to remember the early connection of guitars and record stores from way back in the day. Brands like Decca and RCA were hallmarks of the time, as is this month’s guitar.
This Nivico Balladeer is a rare example of a guitar styled specifically for display. Made in 1965, this model was the little brother to the RCA Victor SG-18, which I wrote about a while back. Normally, this model was called an RCA SG-12, commonly featuring the words “Music Messenger” written across the front of the body. My example doesn’t have those words, but it does have a hand-painted “Balladeer” label that is super rare. I think I’ve seen two or three of these in my years of searching.
“I think I’ve seen two or three of these in my years of searching.”
These hand-painted examples were meant for record-store display, and I guess the “Balladeer” term was probably chosen through some album or artist connection. This guitar has “NIVICO” stamped on the vibrato plate, a word that’s a mashup of the first letters of the name “Nippon Victor Company.” Nivico was also a brand name used for electronics equipment sold back then.
The wooden parts of this guitar were made at the legendary Matsumoku factory, and RCA Victor harnessed its wizardry to produce the electronics. Folks, these pickups are just incredible and sound like nothing else I’ve ever heard. They are loud, clear, and powerful. This guitar was intended to be high-end and the company used very good quality parts. The huge chrome pickguard could certainly glare out an audience, although this would be a tough guitar to play live since the bridge isn’t adjustable and the tremolo puts this guitar into tuning nightmares. But wow, do they sound good. Kind of a shame really, but then again, when a guitar fights with you, it can make you into a better player by sheer willpower. Not quite the willpower it takes to see your daughter off to college, but close!
So yes, past and future dads out there: Be sure to steel yourself for the impending departure of your kids. Spoil them with love and records and whatever else you enjoy doing together, and remember to choose colleges based on record stores!
Learn the key elements to jumpstart your fingerpicking journey and improve your overall fingerpicking technique.
Learn the key elements to jumpstart your fingerpicking journey and improve your overall technique. Caitlin covers classical-style technique and uses it in a modern setting to enhance your fingerstyle technique for all styles/genres.