
For over 30 years John Scofield has explored nearly every genre imaginable. Here’s a look at how he might balance inside and outside sounds over a classic fusion vamp.
Intermediate
Advanced
- Create tension-filled phrases by sidestepping through different scales.
- Learn how to employ dissonant double-stops.
- Rely less on playing through changes and more on balancing tension and release.
John Scofield is the embodiment of fusion. When he began recording as a leader in the late '70s, his fluid blend of jazz, bebop, blues, rock, and country music must have presented a marketing nightmare for the label. Scofield attended the prestigious Berklee College of Music, but his influences are anything but expected, and his sophisticated sound incorporates deep groove influences. As an improviser, he reveals an effortless command of modern, angular, and chromatic vocabulary.
For this column, I've recorded a simple bass loop over a funky 16th-note shuffle groove. The line indicates the A Dorian mode (A–B–C–D–E–F#–G), but since the harmonic information is so sparse, it's pretty easy to insert other sounds and make them work.
Nailing Scofield's tone is half the battle. Fellow fusion master Scott Henderson recently said that you can't play jazz with a humbucker and a little bit of overdrive and not sound like Sco. There's some truth to that. Here, I used the bridge pickup on my Joe Barden T-style and rolled the tone knob back about halfway. This is going into a mildly overdriven amp I can control with both the guitar's volume knob and picking dynamics. I've also incorporated some pretty extreme chorus—a key ingredient in Scofield's signature sound.
Ex. 1 begins by outlining an A7 arpeggio (A–C#–E–G), though beat two goes a little outside by hitting a D# that hints at the A Lydian dominant scale (A–B–C#–D#–E–F#–G). Double-stops play a big role in Scofield's playing, and we get a taste of this in the second measure, which offers both a tritone (F# and C) and a major seventh interval (E and D#). Bonus: Dig the contrary motion in the second and fourth measures!
Ex. 1
We explore more double-stops and fourths in Ex. 2. The double-stops in the first measure could be analyzed theoretically, but it's likely Scofield was just playing around with the pentatonic scale and then simply moved up a half-step to create tension.
The second measure features more traditional bluesy phrasing, before shifting up to Bb minor pentatonic (Bb–Db–Eb–F–Ab). As before, this could be analyzed, but it makes more sense to label it "sidestepping," which is simply playing a half-step higher to create tension before shifting down to resolve. This sidestepping idea can be seen again in the fourth measure. You can think of this as a diminished scale, but it's a lot easier to imagine shifting the same scale up a fret.
Ex. 2
John Scofield Performs 'Quiet And Loud Jazz'
Another one of Sco's trademarks is picking close to the bridge to get a thin, piercing tone. You can hear this in Ex. 3. The second half of the lick features the A melodic minor (A–B–C–D–E–F#–G#) with some added chromatic passing notes, such as the F at the end of beat 2. The lick ends with a tangy major seventh interval.
Ex. 3
Ex. 4 gets a bit more liberal with outside notes, but rather than thinking of what scale these come from, it makes more sense to focus on how the ideas are related. After outlining a C augmented triad (C–E–G#) in the first measure, I use "enclosures" to target the root on beat 3. You can either use diatonic or chromatic neighbor tones to help outline the harmony. The rest of the line is centered around A Dorian (A–B–C–D–E–F#–G), but with an added b5 (Eb) for tension.
Ex. 4
We use some blues-scale vocabulary to start off Ex. 5, but it soon shifts to bebop around beat 3 of the first measure, where the lines somewhat implies a Bm7b5–E7–Am7 progression. After a brief bit of blues vocabulary, we move into Super Locrian territory before resolving back to the blues scale. Ideas like this are not about outlining changes, but creating tension and resolution. When playing over a long Am7 vamp, a good way to add some interest is to imagine the V or a IIm–V7 change.
Ex. 5
Ex. 6 begins with an A Dorian line, but quickly transitions into something similar to the A half-whole diminished scale (A–Bb–C–C#–D#–E–F#–G). The diminished scale is a great way of adding a little bit of outside phrasing to a static vamp.
Ex. 6
Combining a stock pentatonic scale with a tension note (such as a 9) creates a classic Sco sound. In Ex. 7, we are doing just that. Over the first two measures we are using the A minor pentatonic (A–C–D–E–G) scale with an added 9 (B). After a brief sidestep up to Bb minor pentatonic, we resolve back to A Dorian. Note the use of A# and F#, which actually come from the idea of moving Em7 down chromatically.
Ex. 7
In Ex. 8 we do a fair amount of sidestepping. Again, it's more about creating tension and release rather than theoretically analyzing every note. Basically, look at positions. If you're in 5th position, it's mostly inside where 6th and 4th positions have their own outside flavor. Sliding between these areas will give you an obvious feeling of tension and resolution if they're separated, or all out chromatic madness if you're mixing both without any real periods of resolution.
Ex. 8
This article was updated on September 13, 2021
Some of these are deep cuts—get ready for some instrumental bonus tracks and Van Halen III mentions—and some are among the biggest radio hits of their time. Just because their hits, though, doesn’t mean we don’t have more to add to the conversation.
Naturally, every recording Eddie Van Halen ever played on has been pored over by legions of guitar players of all styles. It might seem funny, then, to consider EVH solos that might require more attention. But your 100 Guitarists hosts have their picks of solos that they feel merit a little discussion. Some of these are deep cuts—get ready for some instrumental bonus tracks and Van Halen III mentions—and some are among the biggest radio hits of their time. Just because their hits, though, doesn’t mean we don’t have more to add to the conversation.
We can’t cover everything EVH—Jason has already tried while producing the Runnin’ With the Dweezil podcast. But we cover as much as we can in our longest episode yet. And in the second installment of our current listening segment, we’re talking about new-ish music from Oz Noy and Bill Orcutt.
A dual-channel tube preamp and overdrive pedal inspired by the Top Boost channel of vintage VOX amps.
ROY is designed to deliver sweet, ringing cleans and the "shattered" upper-mid breakup tones without sounding harsh or brittle. It is built around a 12AX7 tube that operates internally at 260VDC, providing natural tube compression and a slightly "spongy" amp-like response.
ROY features two identical channels, each with separate gain and volume controls. This design allows you to switch from clean to overdrive with the press of a footswitch while maintaining control over the volume level. It's like having two separate preamps dialed in for clean and overdrive tones.
Much like the old amplifier, ROY includes a classic dual-band tone stack. This unique EQ features interactive Treble and Bass controls that inversely affect the Mids. Both channels share the EQ section.
Another notable feature of this circuit is the Tone Cut control: a master treble roll-off after the EQ. You can shape your tone using the EQ and then adjust the Tone Cut to reduce harshness in the top end while keeping your core sound.
ROY works well with other pedals and can serve as a clean tube platform at the end of your signal chain. It’s a simple and effective way to add a vintage British voice to any amp or direct rig setup.
ROY offers external channel switching and the option to turn the pedal on/off via a 3.5mm jack. The preamp comes with a wall-mount power supply and a country-specific plug.
Street price is 299 USD. It is available at select retailers and can also be purchased directly from the Tubesteader online store at www.tubesteader.com.
The compact offspring of the Roland SDE-3000 rack unit is simple, flexible, and capable of a few cool new tricks of its own.
Tonalities bridge analog and digital characteristics. Cool polyrhythmic textures and easy-to-access, more-common echo subdivisions. Useful panning and stereo-routing options.
Interactivity among controls can yield some chaos and difficult-to-duplicate sounds.
$219
Boss SDE-3 Dual Digital Delay
boss.info
Though my affection for analog echo dwarfs my sentiments for digital delay, I don’t get doctrinaire about it. If the sound works, I’ll use it. Boss digital delays have been instructive in this way to me before: I used a Boss DD-5 in a A/B amp rig with an Echoplex for a long time, blending the slur and stretch of the reverse echo with the hazy, wobbly tape delay. It was delicious, deep, and complex. And the DD-5 still lives here just in case I get the urge to revisit that place.
Tinkering with theSDE-3 Dual Digital Delay suggested a similar, possibly enduring appeal. As an evolution of the Roland SDE-3000rack unit from the 1980s, it’s a texture machine, bubbling with subtle-to-odd triangle LFO modulations and enhanced dual-delay patterns that make tone mazes from dopey-simple melodies. And with the capacity to use it with two amps in stereo or in panning capacity, it can be much more dimensional. But while the SDE-3 will become indispensable to some for its most complex echo textures, its basic voice possesses warmth that lends personality in pedestrian applications too.
Tapping Into the Source
Some interest in the original SDE-3000 is in its association with Eddie Van Halen, who ran two of them in a wet-dry-wet configuration, using different delay rates and modulation to thicken and lend dimension to solos. But while EVH’s de facto endorsement prompted reissues of the effect as far back as the ’90s, part of the appeal was down to the 3000’s intrinsic elegance and simplicity.
In fact, the original rack unit’s features don’t differ much from what you would find on modern, inexpensive stompbox echoes. But the SDE-3000’s simplicity and reliable predictability made it conducive to fast workflow in the studio. Critically, it also avoided the lo-fi and sterility shortcomings that plagued some lesser rivals—an attribute designer Yoshi Ikegami chalks up to analog components elsewhere in the circuit and a fortuitous clock imprecision that lends organic essence to the repeats.
Evolved Echo Animal
Though the SDE-3 traces a line back to the SDE-3000 in sound and function, it is a very evolved riff on a theme. I don’t have an original SDE-3000 on hand for comparison, but it’s easy to hear how the SDE-3 bridges a gap between analog haze and more clinical, surgical digital sounds in the way that made the original famous. Thanks to the hi-cut control, the SDE-3’s voice can be shaped to enhance the angular aspect of the echoes, or blunt sharp edges. There’s also a lot of leeway to toy with varied EQ settings without sacrificing the ample definition in the repeats. That also means you can take advantage of the polyrhythmic effects that are arguably its greatest asset.
“There’s a lot of leeway to toy with varied EQ settings without sacrificing the ample definition in the repeats.”
The SDE-3’s offset control, which generates these polyrhythmic echoes, is its heart. The most practical and familiar echos, like quarter, eighth, and dotted-eighth patterns, are easy to access in the second half of the offset knobs range. In the first half of the knob’s throw, however, the offset delays often clang about at less-regular intervals, producing complex polyrhythms that are also cool multipliers of the modulation and EQ effects. For example, when emphasizing top end in repeats, using aggressive effects mixes and pitch-wobble modulation generates eerie ghost notes that swim through and around patterns, adding rhythmic interest and texture without derailing the drive behind a groove. Even at modest settings, these are great alternatives to more staid, regular subdivision patterns. Many of the coolest sounds tend toward the foggy reverb spectrum. Removing high end, piling on feedback, and adding the woozy, drunken drift from modulation creates fascinating backdrops for slow, sparse chord melodies. Faster modulations throb and swirl like old BBC Radiophonic Workshop sci-fi sound designs.
By themselves, the modulations have their own broad appeal. Chorus tones are rarely the archetypal Roland Jazz Chorus or CE type—tending to be a bit darker and mistier. But they do a nice job suggesting that texture without lapsing into caricature. There are also really cool rotary-speaker-like textures and vibrato sounds that offer alternatives to go-to industry standards.
The Verdict
The SDE-3’s many available sounds and textures would be appealing at $219—even without the stereo and panning connectivity options, a useful hold function, and expression pedal control that opens up additional options. The panning capabilities, in particular, sparked all kinds of thoughts about studio applications. Mastering the SDE-3 takes just a little study—certain polyrhythms can be dramatically reshaped by the interactivity of other controls and you need to take care to achieve identical results twice. But this is a pedal that, by virtue of its relative simplicity and richness and breadth of sounds, exceeds the utility of some similarly priced rivals, all while opening up possibilities well outside the simple echo realm
Reader: T. Moody
Hometown: Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
Guitar: The Green Snake
Reader T. Moody turned this Yamaha Pacifica body into a reptilian rocker.
With a few clicks on Reverb, a reptile-inspired shred machine was born.
With this guitar, I wanted to create a shadowbox-type vibe by adding something you could see inside. I have always loved the Yamaha Pacifica guitars because of the open pickup cavity and the light weight, so I purchased this body off Reverb (I think I am addicted to that website). I also wanted a color that was vivid and bold. The seller had already painted it neon yellow, so when I read in the description, “You can see this body from space,” I immediately clicked the Buy It Now button. I also purchased the neck and pickups off of Reverb.
I have always loved the reverse headstock, simply because nothing says 1987 (the best year in the history of the world) like a reverse headstock. The pickups are both Seymour Duncan—an SH-1N in the neck position and TB-4 in the bridge, both in a very cool lime green color. Right when these pickups got listed, the Buy It Now button once again lit up like the Fourth of July. I am a loyal disciple of Sperzel locking tuners and think Bob Sperzel was a pure genius, so I knew those were going on this project even before I started on it. I also knew that I wanted a Vega-Trem; those units are absolutely amazing.
When the body arrived, I thought it would be cool to do some kind of burst around the yellow so I went with a neon green. It turned out better than I imagined. Next up was the shaping and cutting of the pickguard. I had this crocodile-type, faux-leather material that I glued on the pickguard and then shaped to my liking. I wanted just a single volume control and no tone knob, because, like King Edward (Van Halen) once said, “Your volume is your tone.”
T. Moody
I then shaped and glued the faux-leather material in the cavity. The tuning knobs, volume knob, pickguard, screws, and selector switch were also painted in the lemon-lime paint scheme. I put everything together, installed the pickups, strung it up, set it up, plugged it in, and I was blown away. I think this is the best-playing and -sounding guitar I have ever tried.
The only thing missing was the center piece and strap. The latter was easy because DiMarzio makes their ClipLock in neon green. The center piece was more difficult because originally, I was thinking that some kind of gator-style decoration would be cool. In the end, I went with a green snake, because crocodiles ain’t too flexible—and they’re way too big to fit in a pickup cavity!
The Green Snake’s back is just as striking as the front.