How a flat tire inspired a whole new view of arpeggios.
Chops: Intermediate
Theory: Intermediate
Lesson Overview:
ā¢ Prepare yourself for when you
get a flat tire.
ā¢ Learn how to turn your favorite
chords into solos.
ā¢ Investigate the subtleties of the
7sus4 chords.
āWait! Look over there ā¦ in the dark. Is that an abandoned car?ā I am always amazed how bad luck and good luck can occur simultaneously. It was my 20th birthday, and I was with my bandmates from Racer X. We were recording our second album in a remodeled chicken ranch north of San Francisco. We had taken the night off to see Poison play at a club in the city. Poisonās catchy tunes and choreography hadnāt had time to work their magic on the masses yet, so C.C. and the boys were still slogging it out in the clubs. After the show, my bandmates and I piled back into my newly purchasedābut very previously ownedāOldsmobile and headed back into farm country where the chickens and our guitars awaited us.
It was about an hour drive into rural darkness before we would reach our destination. The city lights had faded from the rearview mirror. We were tired and traffic lesson > SHRED YOUR ENTHUSIASM was sparse. The night was peaceful and ā¦ BLUCK! blook-blook-blook-blook-bleckbleck- bleck-bleck-blunk-blunk-blunk-blunkblunk ... yek ā¦ yek ā¦ yek ā¦ yubbbb.
One of my tires had blown out. I slowed down and pulled off the highway, and onto the gravelly berm. I had never changed a tire before, but I was not without help. Jeff Martin, Racer Xās lead singer, has a heroic reputation for being able to repair, build, or modify just about anything. My car, and our ride home, was in good hands.
Of course, the first piece of equipment that is needed to change a blown-out tire is a spare tire. I opened my trunk. It contained no such thing. Thatās when we saw it, a ghostly image just barely visible in the distanceā an abandoned car. My car may not have had a spare tire, but it did have a lug wrench, so off we went to see if we could salvage a replacement tire. It turns out that we could. Jeff was able to remove a healthy tire and roll it back to my crippled car.
Things were going well. My car had a functioning jack and Jeff was able to prop up my car, so that the new tire could be installed. Thatās when Jeff discovered that the lug holes on the new wheel did not line up with the lug posts on my axle. Things were not going so well.
Here is where the important part of the story comes in. Let me frame it first as a mathematical equation: 2 + 2 = 5 if you take a big piece of metal and pound that 5 until it pretty much looks like a 4.
And thatās what Jeff did. He looked at the lugs on my car and saw where they needed to go in order for the replacement wheel to fit.
This principle can be applied to playing arpeggios on a guitar. First, letās pause to take a look at the dictionary definition of arpeggio: The notes of a chord played in succession, either ascending or descending.
Thatās just fine, but Iām going try an experiment. Iām going to discard the second half of the definition (ascending or descending), and focus entirely on the first half. Let me show you what I mean. In order to play the notes of a chord in succession, weāll begin by choosing a chord.
Iām going to pick my #1 favorite chord in the world. Itās a dominant 7sus4 chord. Why is it my favorite? Because my eyebrows rise up and my forehead gets all crinkly whenever I hear it. Itās also in these awesome songs: āWhat a Fool Believesā ā The Doobie Brothers (first chord) āReal Manā ā Todd Rundgren (āgot my head in the skyā) āA Hard Dayās Nightā ā The Beatles (the legendary opening chord, arguably)
Enough chord promotion. Itās time to grab you guitar and play it in the key of D as shown in Fig. 1. As you play the chord, please notice that the voicing is 1ā5ā7ā4ā 5. In contrast to this chord, the corresponding arpeggio, according to the strict dictionary definition, should voice these notes in purely ascending order: 1ā4ā5ā7.
Can you see the difference? Go back and look at the chord voicing again. The 7 is not placed at the end, but in the middle. The 4th is closer to the end, and there are two 5ths that are spread way apart. I think this chord voicing actually sounds better, is easier to play, and projects the character of the sus4 with more clarity. There isnāt a musical reason why the chord voicing has to ascend strictly in order. Itās my favorite chord and the voicing sounds good, so Iām sticking to it.
So here is the big moment. I want to disregard the rule of āascension,ā and create an arpeggio using the same voicing as my favorite chord. For that, I need to invent a completely new fingering. When you play Fig. 2, I think youāll immediately feel why.
The key to the fingering in Fig. 3 is that there isnāt any barring, so the notes are separate from each other and have more potential for vibrato. Plus, in some areas we use a ātwo-notes-per-stringā arrangement, which is very useful for speeding up the line and making new phrasing patterns. My favorite chord has become a SOLO. I can now simulate āA Hard Dayās Night,ā but at lightning speed!
This will also work for other chords. In Fig. 4 you can see an A9 chordāalso known as the āJames Brownā chord. I tried to find a fingering that would allow me to play this chord voicing as an arpeggio. I couldnāt do it exactly, but I could use my lug wrench to pound a note off of it and then it worked just fine. Fig. 5 is the arpeggio, but without the root.
But weāre not done with our lug wrench
yet. I want to play these same notes again,
but with a new rhythmic phrasing pattern.
Some of the notes in Fig. 6 will āline-upā
perfectly with nice rhythmic accents. Others
will be squeezed in between. My ear doesnāt
mind this. In fact, it gives the lick a certain
appealing, earthy feel. The car is riding a
little lopsided, but she still rolls stylishly
down the road.
If youāre willing to learn the pattern above, then you deserve to be rewarded with Fig. 7
So now, I ask you: Do you also have a favorite chord? If you do, then please waste no time in pounding it into an arpeggio. The fingerings will surprise you, and some new musical doors will appear for you to explore.
If you donāt have a favorite chord here are some ways to look for one:
- Take some lessons from a piano teacher.
- Take some lessons from a jazz guitar player.
- Learn 20 Beatles songsālearning 25 or 30 is even better.
- Learn 10 songs where piano is the featured instrument.
- Listen to your favorite music and when your eyebrows jump up, go back and learn that chord.
Finally, I would like to thank Jeff Martin for saving the day and getting my car back on the road. I suppose thereās the possibility that the abandoned car had an owner who returned to a very nasty surprise. If that owner was you, then I send my apologies for the missing tire and my warmest gratitude for helping the band and me finish a face-melting heavy metal album. Itās called Second Heat if you want to have a listen.
Onstage, Tommy Emmanuel executes a move that is not from the playbook of his hero, Chet Atkins.
Recorded live at the Sydney Opera House, the Australian guitaristās new album reminds listeners that his fingerpicking is in a stratum all its own. His approach to arranging only amplifies that distinctionāand his devotion to Chet Atkins.
Australian fingerpicking virtuoso Tommy Emmanuel is turning 70 this year. Heās been performing since he was 6, and for every solo show heās played, heās never used a setlist.
āMy biggest decision every day on tour is, āWhat do I want to start with? How do I want to come out of the gate?āā Emmanuel explains to me over a video call. āA good opener has to have everything. It has to be full of surprise, it has to have lots of good ideas, lots of light and shade, and then, hit it again,ā he says, illustrating each phrase with his hands and ending with a punch.āYou lift off straightaway with the first song, you get airborne, you start reaching, and then itās time to level out and take people on a journey.ā
In May 2023, Emmanuel played two shows at the Sydney Opera House, the best performances from which have been combined on his new release, Live at the Sydney Opera House. The venueās Concert Hall, which has a capacity of 2,679, is a familiar room for Emmanuel, but I think at this point in his career he wouldnāt bring a setlist if he was playing Wembley Stadium. On the recording, Emmanuelās mind-blowingly dexterous chops, distinctive attack and flair, and knack for culturally resonant compositions are on full display. His opening song for the shows? An original, āCountrywide,ā with a segue into Chet Atkinsā āEl Vaquero.ā
āWhen I was going to high school in the ā60s, I heard āEl Vaqueroā on Chet Atkinsā record, [1964ās My Favorite Guitars],ā Emmanuel shares. āAnd when I wrote āCountrywideā in around ā76 or ā77, I suddenly realized, āAh! Itās a bit like āEl Vaquero!āā So I then worked out āEl Vaqueroā as a solo piece, because it wasnāt recorded like that [by Atkins originally].
āThe co-writer of āEl Vaqueroā is Wayne Moss, whoās a famous Nashville session guy who played āda da daā [sings the guitar riff from Roy Orbisonās āPretty Womanā]. And he played on a lot of Chetās records as a rhythm guy. So once when I played āEl Vaqueroā live, Wayne Moss came up to me and said, āYou know, you did my part and Chetās at the same time. Thatās not fair!āā Emmanuel says, laughing.
Atkins is the reason Emmanuel got into performing. His mother had been teaching him rhythm guitar for a couple years when he heard Atkins on the radio and, at 6, was able to immediately mimic his fingerpicking technique. His father recognized Emmanuelās prodigious talent and got him on the road that year, which kicked off his professional career. He says, āBy the time I was 6, I was already sleep-deprived, working too hard, and being forced to be educated. Because all I was interested in was playing music.ā
Emmanuel talks about Atkins as if the way he viewed him as a boy hasnāt changed. The title Atkins bestowed upon him, C.G.P. (Certified Guitar Player), appears on Emmanuelās album covers, in his record label (C.G.P. Sounds), and is inlaid at the 12th fret on his Maton Custom Shop TE Personal signature acoustic. (Atkins named only five guitarists C.G.P.s. The others are John Knowles, Steve Wariner, Jerry Reed, and Atkins himself.) For Emmanuel, even today most roads lead to Atkins.
When I ask Emmanuel about his approach to arranging for solo acoustic guitar, he says, āIt was really hit home for me by my hero, Chet Atkins, when I read an interview with him a long time ago and he said, āMake your arrangement interesting.ā And I thought, āWow!ā Because I was so keen to be true to the composer and play the song as everyone knows it. But then again, Iām recreating it like everyone else has, and I might as well get in line with the rest of them and jump off the cliff into nowhere. So it struck me: āHow can I make my arrangements interesting?ā Well, make them full of surprises.ā
When Emmanuel was invited to contribute to 2015ās Burt Bacharach: This Guitarās in Love with You, featuring acoustic-guitar tributes to Bacharachās classic compositions by various artists, Emmanuel expresses that nobody wanted to take ā(They Long to Be) Close to You,ā due to its āsyrupyā nature. But for Emmanuel, this presented an entertaining challenge.
He explains, āI thought, āOkay, how can I reboot āClose to You?ā So even the most jaded listener will say, āHoly fuckāI didnāt expect that! Wow, I really like that; that is a good melody!ā So I found a good key to play the song in, which allowed me to get some open notes that sustain while I move the chords. Then what I did is, in every phrase, I made the chord unresolve, then resolve.
Tommy Emmanuel's Gear
āIām writing music for the film thatās in my head,ā Emmanuel says. āSo, I donāt think, āIām just the guitar,ā ever.ā
Photo by Simone Cecchetti
Guitars
- Three Maton Custom Shop TE Personals, each with an AP5 PRO pickup system
Amps
- Udo Roesner Da Capo 75
Effects
- AER Pocket Tools preamp
Strings & Picks
- Martin TE Signature Phosphor Bronze (.012ā.054)
- Martin SP strings
- Ernie Ball Paradigm strings
- DāAndrea Pro Plec 1.5 mm
- Dunlop medium thumbpicks
āAnd then to really put the nail in the coffin, at the end, āClose to youā [sings melody]. I finished on a major 9 chord which had that note in it, but it wasnāt the key the song was in, which is a typical Stevie Wonder trick. All the tricks I know, the wonderful ideas that Iāve stolen, are from Michael Jackson, Stevie Wonder, Lionel Richie, James Taylor, Carole King, Neil Diamond. All of the people who wrote really incredibly great pop songs and R&B musicāI stole every idea I could, and I tried to make my little two-and-a -half minutes as interesting and entertaining as possible. Because entertainment equals: Surprise me.ā
I share with Emmanuel that the performances on Live at the Sydney Opera House, which include his popular āBeatles Medley,ā reminded me of another possible arrangement trick. In Harpo Marxās autobiography, Harpo Speaks, I preface, Marx writes of a lesson he learned as a performerāto āanswer the audienceās questions.ā (Emmanuel says heās a big fan of the book and read it in the early ā70s.) That happened for me while listening to the medley, when, after sampling melodies from āSheās a Womanā and āPlease Please Me,ā Emmanuel suddenly lands on āWhile My Guitar Gently Weeps.ā
I say, āIām waiting for something that hits more recognizably to me, and when āWhile My Guitarā comes in, thatās like answering my question.ā
āItās also Paul and John, Paul and John, George,ā Emmanuel replies. āYou think, āThatās great, thatās great pop music,ā then, āWow! Look at the depth of this.āāOften Emmanuelās flights on his acoustic guitar are seemingly superhumanāas well as supremely entertaining.
Photo by Ekaterina Gorbacheva
A trick I like to employ as a writer, I say to Emmanuel, is that when Iām describing something, Iāll provide the reader with just enough context so that they can complete the thought on their own.
āYou can do that musically as well,ā says Emmanuel. He explains how, in his arrangement of āWhat a Wonderful World,ā heāll play only the vocal melody. āWhen people are asking me at a workshop, āHow come you donāt put chords behind that part?ā I say, āIām drawing the melody and youāre putting in all the background in your head. I donāt need to tell you what the chords are. You already know what the chords are.āā
āWayne Moss came up to me and said, āYou know, you did my part and Chetās at the same time. Thatās not fair!āā
Another track featured on Live at the Sydney Opera House is a cover of Paul Simonās āAmerican Tuneā (which Emmanuel then jumps into an adaptation of the Australian bush ballad, āWaltzing Matildaā). Itās been a while since I really spent time with There GoesRhyminā Simon (on which āAmerican Tuneā was first released), and yet it sounded so familiar to me. A little digging revealed that its melody is based on the 17th-century Christian hymn, āO Sacred Head, Now Wounded,ā which was arranged and repurposed by Bach in a few of the composerās works. The cross-chronological and genre-lackadaisical intersections that come up in popular music sometimes is fascinating.
āI think the principle right there,ā Emmanuel muses, āis people like Bach and Beethoven and Mozart found the right language to touch the heart of a human being through their ears and through their senses ... that really did something to them deep in their soul. They found a way with the right chords and the right notes, somehow. It could be as primitive as that.
Tommy Emmanuel has been on the road as a performing guitarist for 64 years. Eat your heart out, Bob Dylan.
Photo by Jan Anderson
āItās like when youāre a young composer and someone tells you, āHave a listen to Elton Johnās āCandle in the Wind,āā he continues. āāListen to how those notes work with those chords.ā And every time you hear it, you go, āWhy does it touch me like that? Why do I feel this way when I hear those chordsāthose notes against those chords?ā I say, itās just human nature. Then you wanna go, āHow can I do that!āā he concludes with a grin.
āYou draw from such a variety of genres in your arrangements,ā I posit. āDo you try to lean into the side of converting those songs to solo acoustic guitar, or the side of bridging the genreās culture to that of your audience?ā
āI stole every idea I could, and I tried to make my little two-and-a-half minutes as interesting and entertaining as possible. Because entertainment equals: Surprise me.ā
āIf I was a method actor,ā Emmanuel explains, āwhat Iām doing isāIām writing music for the film thatās in my head. So, I donāt think, āIām just the guitar,ā ever. I always think it has to have that kind of orchestral, not grandeur, but ā¦ palette to it. Because of the influence of Stevie Wonder, Billy Joel, and Elton John, especiallyāthe piano guysāI try to use piano ideas, like putting the third in the low bass a lot, because guitar players donāt necessarily do that. And I try to always do something that makes what I do different.
āI want to be different and recognizable,ā he continues. āI remember when people talked about how some playersāyou just hear one note and you go, āOh, thatās Chet Atkins.ā And it hit me like a train, the reason why a guy like Hank Marvin, the lead guitar player from the Shadows.... I can tell you: He had a tone that I hear in other players now. Everyone copied himāthey just donāt know itāincluding Mark Knopfler, Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page, all those people. I got him up to play with me a few times when he moved to Australia, and even playing acoustic, he still had that sound. I donāt know how he did it, but it was him. He invented himself.ā
YouTube It
Emmanuel performs his arrangement of āWhat a Wonderful World,ā illustrating how omitting a harmonic backdrop can have a more powerful effect, especially when playing such a well-known melody.
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