In just four years, Dan Becker and Ryan Martin have gone from being disgruntled workaday drones giving their musical inclinations short shrift to being passionate luthiers of custom guitars and basses that have gotten the attention of notable players like Primus’ Larry LaLonde and Umphrey’s McGee’s Jake Cinninger and Ryan Stasik.
When this author met guitar maker Dan Becker in 2008, he said he had built fewer than 15 guitars. That estimate was surprising, because standing in his workshop meant standing beneath dozens of ornate guitars and guitar skeletons, elaborate unfinished models, and prototypes hanging from the ceiling. It was like being in a room full of nude mannequins, some without necks or bodies. It was impressive that such a small operation could produce so many pieces, and all by hand.
Becker and his business partner, Ryan Martin of Ryan Martin Basses, are unique custom builders who’ve based their reputations on quality craftsmanship and one-of-a-kind artistic designs. Using exotic colored woods and state-of-the-art materials, the two experiment with shape, color, and feel to create the custom stringed instruments they’ve come to collectively call ElectriCandyland. Each piece is carved, dyed, and finished entirely by hand. With the amount of attention put into each piece, it’s no wonder they’ve racked up an impressive list of professional clientele that includes guitarist Jake Cinninger and bassist Ryan Stasik of Umphrey’s McGee, moe. guitarist Chuck Garvey, and bassist Marc Brownstein and guitarist Jon “the Barber” Gutwillig of the Disco Biscuits.
“It’s really high-end craftsmanship in instruments done in a funky but elegant way,” Becker explains. “We use the word ‘psychadeligance.’ We’re not afraid to do our own thing, and I think people like that. ElectriCandyland is Alice in Wonderland meets Willy Wonka.”
The description is a fair one— Becker designs would be right at home in a Tim Burton flick. Each instrument is animated by vibrant colors and paired with an unconventional shape and design, and the designers say they draw inspiration from life’s smaller pleasures, such as Disney/Pixar films or Medieval Times.
Martin says the real challenge is designing something that’s unique, yet still has that familiarity guitarists expect. “Most good guitarists play a Strat or a Les Paul,” he says. “So if you make a guitar that feels better than a Strat or a Les Paul, it’s going to be undeniable, whether the artist is in the market for a new guitar or not.”
This bass is Ryan Martin’s version of a design by guitar maker
Robert Taylor. It’s made from purpleheart, bloodwood,
and curly maple, and features a high-gloss finish.
Life Changes
Becker Guitars’ wood shop in Attleboro, Massachusetts, is where the magic happens. The door to the shop is at the end of a long brick alleyway, and a tiny sign reading “Becker Guitars” is the only indication of what’s inside. More than 20 guitars are on display in the lobby, each one visually stunning and unique. The lobby opens up into the workshop, where dozens of works in progress hang from the ceiling while others wait for repair. Blankets of sawdust cover the tables and workbenches throughout the 5,000-square-foot shop. At the back end, garage-style doors are kept open in the summer months to let the breeze in. Becker and Martin have been there since 2006, after Martin decided to relocate from Maine to focus on guitar making.
Before opening his first small repair shop, Becker—who has a degree in finance—did a stint working for a financial advising firm, but his heart wasn’t in it. “I didn’t want to work,” he says. “I just wanted to play guitar—I work with my hands and can’t sit still.” One day as he sat in his cubicle, miserably watching the second hand on his desktop clock tick, suddenly he got up, walked out of the office, and bought a guitar magazine. Mentally checked-out for the day, he brought it back to his cubicle to read. The issue happened to feature custom guitar builders. As he drove home, he made up his mind: He would trade a career in finance for one as a guitar builder.
Becker than traveled to Michigan to learn luthiery and repair from a pro. “I went to this guy for a few months and learned just enough to be dangerous— I got my feet wet. But you can’t leave a school after a few months knowing what you’re doing.”
Although he was still new to the guitar business, Becker managed to land a job offer from Bourgeois Guitars in Maine, building acoustic guitars and working in the repair shop. The commute from his Attleboro home was tough— two to three hours each way. But Becker recognized a rare opportunity to get into a business he was passionate about and remained with Bourgeois for close to six months. Then, by chance, he met Pat DiBurro, whom he calls “the best repairman I’ve ever seen.”
Becker studied under DiBurro for a few years before branching out on his own, and he attributes most of his guitar-building knowledge to him. “When I went out on my own I learned a lot more, because there was no one to lean on—I had to figure it out. Now I’m super confident in what I can do, but it took years and years of a whole lot of instruments coming through my hands— thousands of them. So, I got good at repair and restoration, pulled Ryan down from Maine, and we started looking for a new shop.”
Before joining Becker in Massachusetts, Martin was living in Maine doing maintenance for his parents, who are landlords, but his real love was woodworking. Martin says he was changing out a toilet that wasn’t matching up with the floor properly when he had a revelation. “I was hugging it, trying to get the nut on the bottom to seat it to the floor, and I’m, like, ‘You know what? I’m a guitar maker. I ain’t doing this.’” Kneeling on the floor, he called his buddy Dan Becker. Becker laughs, “It took him hugging the toilet to realize he should come build guitars.” Since then, Martin says he’s been studying the methods of master luthiers Bob Benedetto and Carl Thompson.
Genesis of the Theme Park
In the years prior to the genesis of ElectriCandyland, the shop focused primarily on repairs, which helped Becker and Martin acquire a strong understanding of instruments and how they work. “Together, we were able to figure out how we wanted to build,” Becker says. “Now we’re developing ways to dress up our instruments and theme them out. We build several different models of guitars, basses, and mandolins, all with different themes that determine specifications and cost. We do fully custom work in addition to our standard lines, and our builds have trademark qualities like neck-through construction, comfortable, rounded body edges, 24-fret necks, and 14–16" fretboard radii.”
“It’s like a Choose Your Own Adventure book,” says Martin. “There are so many options— so many doors that you could open on any given day. We’re taking it to a redesigning level, and I’m trying to stretch the boundaries of what I can build. I like to bring in some weird stuff that Dan’s hesitant about. A lot of times I have to build it to show him, because he’ll see the sketch and say, ‘Nah, I can’t see it.’” But Becker says Martin is convincing him more and more—especially since a large part of their market is professional artists. “The most exotic guitars,” Martin says, “are the most quirky guitars. It’s a show business out there—we have to feed the need. If it takes inventing the market, we’ll make some funky, twisted shit.”
Martin and Becker clearly have a sense of humor and seem remarkably laid back, but they take their work very seriously. They lead a small crew but have the ambition of a full production team. Becker works days, and Martin, the woodworker, works nights. Martin first carves the shape and design from the chosen wood, and then passes it off to Becker, who takes the wood frame and transforms it into an instrument. He adds the frets and strings, oversees pickup winding, and then adds any additional color. “Sometimes,” Martin says, “I won’t see him [Becker] for a couple of days, and then I’ll see this batch of gleaming instruments . . . and I’m, like, ‘Oh yeah—Dan’s been at work!’”
The two built their first guitar—a “little mistress” they named “the Triple O”—in 2007. “We had only built the one guitar when we saw an ad that there was going to be a guitar show in Boston,” Becker says. They signed up for the show with one guitar and intentions of building an entire line in a few months.
The show was an enormous undertaking for the pair, who practically lived in their repair shop during those months. Night and day, they worked feverishly to create an entire line of guitars from one prototype. “We had to design the guitars, build them, and make hardware for them,” Martin says, “and we had no designs. But we talked about the Alembic—Jerry Garcia’s guitar— as far as visualizing the wood and the lamination.”
Martin working on the router.
Becker doing some fretwork in his and Martin’s Attleboro, Massachusetts, woodshop.
Endorsers Spread the Word
Since introducing their prototypes to the Disco Biscuits guitarist Jon “the Barber” Gutwillig at a 2008 show in Providence, Rhode Island, inquiries from other artists and fans have been steadily trickling in. “Barber opened a lot of doors for us,” Becker says. “As soon as he picked up the prototype, he goes, ‘Shit! This is so much better than my guitar!’” Gutwillig seized the opportunity to try something rare and played the guitar at that very show—and he hasn’t looked back since. “After that,” Becker says, “he took two of our guitars on the road with him while we built him his UniBomber.”
Gutwillig’s UniBomber is a green-and-purple piece from the Imperial line. Built from yellowheart and curly ash, the entire instrument was custom-carved— right down to the bridge, tailpiece, and knobs. Gutwillig says he was initially drawn to Becker Guitars because of the way the instruments play, emphasizing that the tone and playability is unmatched.
“They really don’t cut corners . . . and they go just as far to oversee the entire pickup winding process,” Gutwillig says. “To have two guys who are great builders not only look over the entire process of [building] the guitar—but also actually fashion all the little nuances of every single instrument— makes a big difference in things that are difficult to quantify, like sustain. I stopped using a compressor when I went to my Beckers,” he says.
A HeadHunter Roller in Black Cherry Burst finish.
Broadening Their Horizons
Today, ElectriCandyland is excited about the launch of two new production lines called the GhostRider and HeadHunter. Becker and Martin say the guitars are aimed at delivering the company’s signature tone and feel in instruments that are easier to produce and that will be more affordable. GhostRiders can be carved from mahogany or alder, their fretboards and retro pickguards are available in a bunch of different woods, and they feature more electronics configurations (such as coil-tapped humbuckers, P-90s, single-coils, and lipstick-style pickups) than any other models.
As for the HeadHunter, Becker says, “It will be one of the mainstays of the company: A neck-through instrument, all mahogany, with a maple top and an ebony fretboard. The woods are traditional, but the finish is very bold. We’re going to offer all of our guitar shapes in that style, which will be slightly more affordable.”
Dave Poe from the band Brew has already placed an order for his HeadHunter. Becker holds up a sweet-looking, deep-purple piece of mahogany with a curly maple top. Its heavily rounded edges give it a liquid feel. “It doesn’t have all the heavy lamination,” Becker says, “and we can build it much quicker because we don’t have to make the hardware—which takes a long time.”
With such low production numbers, most of Becker’s and Martin’s guitars and basses cost close to $5000. But the HeadHunter will run closer to $2000, and it was designed for those who want that “candy” without breaking the bank. “If we could produce the amounts that Fender or Gibson produce,” Martin says, “we’d be making a much cheaper guitar. But when you get to that level, you can’t give as much personal attention to each instrument and they all become cookie-cutter. Dan’s doing a good job of keeping them all different.”
One of the ways these intrepid builders keep their guitars unique is with wood choice and coloring. “We use a lot of exotic woods,” Becker says, “like bloodwood, yellowheart, curly ash, fever wood, cocobolo, and highquality, air-dried mahogany and maple. We’re always on a search.”
In a stroke of luck, Becker and Martin were offered a large stock of wood at a highly discounted rate by some retiring woodworkers. “We have a nice stash of 30-year-old, air-dried South American mahogany that’s really tough to get,” Becker says. “And we found another guy who was closing shop—a local guy—and he had a lot of old maple and ash.”
Each instrument’s vibrant color comes from the combination of the different woods and hand-dyed lacquers that are sprayed onto the body after it has been carved and sanded.
Becker explains, “When I asked a couple of players what color they wanted, rather than choosing a color [they] just gave me an idea to go by.” He picks up Poe’s guitar to make his point. “[Poe] said, ‘Just make my guitar Evil Excalibur.’ He goes, ‘Make it, like, forged from Mount Doom.’ I was like, ‘Freak! All right.’ I sprayed the back of the guitar cherry with black bursts, like a black cherry, and the front has grays, black, and purples—but it didn’t come out that evil. It needs to get darker. It’s all an experiment. Sometimes I don’t know how it’s going to come out, and then I finish it and think, ‘I hit it on that one.’”
Hoping for Hearsay
If you haven’t heard of ElectriCandyland, it’s probably because Becker and Martin rely on word of mouth as their primary marketing tool. “If we advertised,” Becker says, “We wouldn’t be able to keep up with our business.” Still, since 2007 they’ve sold close to 75 custom instruments, and you can now find them on Facebook, Myspace, and YouTube as buzz amongst guitar enthusiasts spreads.
“We’re under a hundred [instruments] right now,” Martin laughs, “so buy ’em while they’re rare.”
Jeff "Skunk" Baxter expands his acclaimed first-ever solo album, Speed of Heat, with a brand new Storytellers Edition, featuring brand-new commentary tracks.
For over five decades, audiences worldwide have marveled at Baxter’s inimitable and instantly recognizable guitar playing and generational songcraft. His output spans classic records as a founding member of Steely Dan and member of the Doobie Brothers in addition to hundreds of recordings with the likes of Donna Summer, Cher, Joni Mitchell, Rod Stewart, Dolly Parton, and many more. During 2022, he initially unveiled Speed of Heat, showcasing yet another side of his creative identity and introducing himself as a solo artist.
On the Storytellers Edition, his fascinating commentary pulls the curtain back on both the process and the message of the music. This version traces the journey to Speed of Heat and its core inspirations as shared directly by Baxter in the form of detailed anecdotes, candid stories, and insightful commentary on every track.
The 12-songalbum, co-produced by Baxter and CJ Vanston, is a riveting and rewarding musical experience that features a host of brilliantly crafted originals co-written by the guitarist and Vanston, as well as inspired versions of some of the great classics. Along the way, Baxter is joined by guest vocalists and songwriters Michael McDonald, Clint Black, Jonny Lang and Rick Livingstone. Baxter notably handled lead vocals on his rendition of Steely Dan’s “My Old School.” Other standouts include "Bad Move" co-written by Baxter, Clint Black, and CJ Vanston, and “My Place In The Sun”, sung by Michael McDonald and co-authored by McDonald, Baxter and Vanston.
As one of the most recorded guitarists of his generation, Baxter’s creative and versatile playing has been heard on some of the most iconic songs in music history, including “9 to 5” by Dolly Parton and “Hot Stuff” by Donna Summer.
The stunningly diverse collection of material on Speed of Heat presents a 360-degree view of the uniquely gifted musician.
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Beauty and sweet sonority elevate a simple-to-use, streamlined acoustic and vocal amplifier.
An EQ curve that trades accuracy for warmth. Easy-to-learn, simple-to-use controls. It’s pretty!
Still exhibits some classic acoustic-amplification problems, like brash, unforgiving midrange if you’re not careful.
$1,199
Taylor Circa 74
taylorguitars.com
Save for a few notable (usually expensive) exceptions, acoustic amplifiers are rarely beautiful in a way that matches the intrinsic loveliness of an acoustic flattop. I’ve certainly seen companies try—usually by using brown-colored vinyl to convey … earthiness? Don’t get me wrong, a lot of these amps sound great and even look okay. But the bar for aesthetics, in my admittedly snotty opinion, remains rather low. So, my hat’s off to Taylor for clearing that bar so decisively and with such style. The Circa 74 is, indeed, a pretty piece of work that’s forgiving to work with, ease to use, streamlined, and sharp.
Boxing Beyond Utility
Any discussion of trees or wood with Bob Taylor is a gas, and highly instructive. He loves the stuff and has dabbled before in amplifier designs that made wood an integral feature, rather than just trim. But the Circa 74 is more than just an aesthetic exercise. Because the Taylor gang started to think in a relatively unorthodox way about acoustic sound amplification—eschewing the notion that flat frequency response is the only path to attractive acoustic tone.
I completely get this. I kind of hate flat-response speakers. I hate nice monitors. We used to have a joke at a studio I frequented about a pair of monitors that often made us feel angry and agitated. Except that they really did. Flat sound can be flat-out exhausting and lame. What brings me happiness is listening to Lee “Scratch” Perry—loud—on a lazy Sunday on my secondhand ’70s Klipsch speakers. One kind of listening is like staring at a sun-dappled summer garden gone to riot with flowers. The other sometimes feels like a stale cheese sandwich delivered by robot.
The idea that live acoustic music—and all its best, earthy nuances—can be successfully communicated via a system that imparts its own color is naturally at odds with acoustic culture’s ethos of organic-ness, authenticity, and directness. But where does purity end and begin in an amplified acoustic signal? An undersaddle pickup isn’t made of wood. A PA with flat-response speakers didn’t grow in a forest. So why not build an amp with color—the kind of color that makes listening to music a pleasure and not a chore?
To some extent, that question became the design brief that drove the evolution of the Circa 74. Not coincidentally, the Circa 74 feels as effortless to use as a familiar old hi-fi. It has none of the little buttons for phase correction that make me anxious every time I see one. There’s two channels: one with an XLR/1/4" combo input, which serves as the vocal channel if you are a singer; another with a 1/4" input for your instrument. Each channel consists of just five controls—level, bass, middle, and treble EQ, and a reverb. An 11th chickenhead knob just beneath the jewel lamp governs the master output. That’s it, if you don’t include the Bluetooth pairing button and 1/8" jacks for auxiliary sound sources and headphones. Power, by the way, is rated at 150 watts. That pours forth through a 10" speaker.Pretty in Practice
I don’t want to get carried away with the experiential and aesthetic aspects of the Circa 74. It’s an amplifier with a job to do, after all. But I had fun setting it up—finding a visually harmonious place among a few old black-panel Fender amps and tweed cabinets, where it looked very much at home, and in many respects equally timeless.
Plugging in a vocal mic and getting a balance with my guitar happened in what felt like 60 seconds. Better still, the sound that came from the Circa 74, including an exceedingly croaky, flu-addled human voice, sounded natural and un-abrasive. The Circa 74 isn’t beyond needing an assist. Getting the most accurate picture of a J-45 with a dual-source pickup meant using both the treble and midrange in the lower third of their range. Anything brighter sounded brash. A darker, all-mahogany 00, however, preferred a scooped EQ profile with the treble well into the middle of its range. You still have to do the work of overcoming classic amplification problems like extra-present high mids and boxiness. But the fixes come fast, easily, and intuitively. The sound may not suggest listening to an audiophile copy of Abbey Road, as some discussions of the amp would lead you to expect. But there is a cohesiveness, particularly in the low midrange, that does give it the feel of something mixed, even produced, but still quite organic.
The Verdict
Taylor got one thing right: The aesthetic appeal of the Circa 74 has a way of compelling you to play and sing. Well, actually, they got a bunch of things right. The EQ is responsive and makes it easy to achieve a warm representation of your acoustic, no matter what its tone signature. It’s also genuinely attractive. It’s not perfectly accurate. Instead, it’s rich in low-mid resonance and responsive to treble-frequency tweaks—lending a glow not a million miles away from a soothing home stereo. I think that approach to acoustic amplification is as valid as the quest for transparency. I’m excited to see how that thinking evolves, and how Taylor responds to their discoveries.
The evolution of Electro-Harmonix’s very first effect yields a powerful boost and equalization machine at a rock-bottom price.
A handy and versatile preamp/booster that goes well beyond the average basic booster’s range. Powerful EQ section.
Can sound a little harsh at more extreme EQ ranges.
$129
Electro-Harmonix LPB-3
ehx.com
Descended from the first Electro-Harmonix pedal ever released, the LPB-1 Linear Power Booster, the new LPB-3 has come a long way from the simple, one-knob unit in a folded-metal enclosure that plugged straight into your amplifier. Now living in Electro-Harmonix’s compact Nano chassis, the LPB-3 Linear Power Booster and EQ boasts six control knobs, two switches, and more gain than ever before.
If 3 Were 6
With six times the controls found on the 1 and 2 versions (if you discount the original’s on/off slider switch,) the LPB-3’s control complement offers pre-gain, boost, mid freq, bass, treble, and mid knobs, with a center detent on the latter three so you can find the midpoint easily. A mini-toggle labeled “max” selects between 20 dB and 33 dB of maximum gain, and another labeled “Q” flips the resonance of the mid EQ between high and low. Obviously, this represents a significant expansion of the LPB’s capabilities.
More than just a booster with a passive tone, the LPB-3 boasts a genuine active EQ stage plus parametric midrange section, comprising the two knobs with shaded legends, mid freq and mid level. The gain stages have also been reimagined to include a pre-gain stage before the EQ, which enables up to 20 dB of input gain. The boost stage that follows the EQ is essentially a level control with gain to allow for up to 33 dB of gain through the LPB-3 when the “max” mini toggle is set to 33dB
A slider switch accessible inside the pedal selects between buffered or true bypass for the hard-latch footswitch. An AC adapter is included, which supplies 200mA of DC at 9.6 volts to the center-negative power input, and EHX specifies that nothing supplying less than 120mA or more than 12 volts should be used. There’s no space for an internal battery.
Power-Boosted
The LPB-3 reveals boatloads of range that betters many linear boosts on the market. There’s lots of tone-shaping power here. Uncolored boost is available when you want it, and the preamp gain knob colors and fattens your signal as you crank it up—even before you tap into the massive flexibility in the EQ stage.
“The preamp gain knob colors and fattens your signal as you crank it up—even before you tap into the massive flexibility in the EQ stage.”
I found the two mid controls work best when used judiciously, and my guitars and amps preferred subtle changes pretty close to the midpoint on each. However, there are still tremendous variations in your mid boost (or scoop, for that matter) within just 15 or 20 percent range in either direction from the center detent. Pushing the boost and pre-gain too far, particularly with the 33 dB setting engaged, can lead to some harsh sounds, but they are easy to avoid and might even be desirable for some users that like to work at more creative extremes.
The Verdict
The new LPB-3 has much, much more range than its predecessors, providing flexible preamp, boost, and overdrive sounds that can be reshaped in significant ways via the powerful EQ. It gives precise tone-tuning flexibility to sticklers that like to match a guitar and amp to a song in a very precise way, but also opens up more radical paths for experimentalists. That it does all this at a $129 price is beyond reasonable.
Electro-Harmonix Lpb-3 Linear Power Booster & Eq Effect Pedal Silver And Blue
Intermediate
Intermediate
• Learn classic turnarounds.
• Add depth and interest to common progressions.
• Stretch out harmonically with hip substitutions.
Get back to center in musical and ear-catching ways.
A turnaround chord progression has one mission: It allows the music to continue seamlessly back to the beginning of the form while reinforcing the key center in a musically interesting way. Consider the last four measures of a 12-bar blues in F, where the bare-bones harmony would be C7-Bb7-F7-F7 (one chord per measure). With no turn around in the last two measures, you would go back to the top of the form, landing on another F7. That’s a lot of F7, both at the end of the form, and then again in the first four bars of the blues. Without a turnaround, you run the risk of obscuring the form of the song. It would be like writing a novel without using paragraphs or punctuation.
The most common turnaround is the I-VI-ii-V chord progression, which can be applied to the end of the blues and is frequently used when playing jazz standards. Our first four turnarounds are based on this chord progression. Furthermore, by using substitutions and chord quality changes, you get more mileage out of the I-VI-ii-V without changing the basic functionality of the turnaround itself. The second group of four turnarounds features unique progressions that have been borrowed from songs or were created from a theoretical idea.
In each example, I added extensions and alterations to each chord and stayed away from the pure R-3-5-7 voicings. This will give each chord sequence more color and interesting voice leading. Each turnaround has a companion solo line that reflects the sound of the changes. Shell voicings (root, 3rd, 7th) are played underneath so that the line carries the sound of the written chord changes, making it easier to hear the sound of the extensions and alterations. All examples are in the key of C. Let’s hit it.
The first turnaround is the tried and true I-VI-ii-V progression, played as Cmaj7-A7-Dm7-G7. Ex. 1 begins with C6/9, to A7(#5), to Dm9, to G7(#5), and resolves to Cmaj7(#11). By using these extensions and alterations, I get a smoother, mostly chromatic melodic line at the top of the chord progression.
Ex. 2 shows one possible line that you can create. As for scale choices, I used C major pentatonic over C6/9, A whole tone for A7(#5), D Dorian for Dm9, G whole tone for G7(#5), and C Lydian for Cmaj7(#11) to get a more modern sound.
The next turnaround is the iii-VI-ii-V progression, played as Em7-A7-Dm7-G7 where the Em7 is substituted for Cmaj7. The more elaborate version in Ex. 3 shows Em9 to A7(#9)/C#, to Dm6/9, to G9/B, resolving to Cmaj7(add6). A common way to substitute chords is to use the diatonic chord that is a 3rd above the written chord. So, to sub out the I chord (Cmaj7) you would use the iii chord (Em7). By spelling Cmaj7 = C-E-G-B and Em7 = E-G-B-D, you can see that these two chords have three notes in common, and will sound similar over the fundamental bass note, C. The dominant 7ths are in first inversion, but serve the same function while having a more interesting bass line.
The line in Ex. 4 uses E Dorian over Em9, A half-whole diminished over A7(#9)/C#, D Dorian over Dm6/9, G Mixolydian over G9/B, and C major pentatonic over Cmaj7(add6). The chord qualities we deal with most are major 7, dominant 7, and minor 7. A quality change is just that… changing the quality of the written chord to another one. You could take a major 7 and change it to a dominant 7, or even a minor 7. Hence the III-VI-II-V turnaround, where the III and the VI have both been changed to a dominant 7, and the basic changes would be E7-A7-D7-G7.
See Ex. 5, where E7(b9) moves to A7(#11), to D7(#9) to G7(#5) to Cmaj9. My scale choices for the line in Ex. 6 are E half-whole diminished over E7(#9), A Lydian Dominant for A7(#11), D half-whole diminished for D7(#9), G whole tone for G7(#5), and C Ionian for Cmaj9.
Ex. 7 is last example in the I-VI-ii-V category. Here, the VI and V are replaced with their tritone substitutes. Specifically, A7 is replaced with Eb7, and G7 is replaced with Db7, and the basic progression becomes Cmaj7-Eb7-Dm7-Db7. Instead of altering the tritone subs, I used a suspended 4th sound that helped to achieve a diatonic, step-wise melody in the top voice of the chord progression.
The usual scales can be found an Ex. 8, where are use a C major pentatonic over C6/9, Eb Mixolydian over Eb7sus4, D Dorian over Dm11, Db Mixolydian over Db7sus4, and once again, C Lydian over Cmaj7(#11). You might notice that the shapes created by the two Mixolydian modes look eerily similar to minor pentatonic shapes. That is by design, since a Bb minor pentatonic contains the notes of an Eb7sus4 chord. Similarly, you would use an Ab minor pentatonic for Db7sus4.
The next four turnarounds are not based on the I-VI-ii-V chord progression, but have been adapted from other songs or theoretical ideas. Ex. 9 is called the “Backdoor” turnaround, and uses a iv-bVII-I chord progression, played as Fm7-Bb7-Cmaj7. In order to keep the two-bar phrase intact, a full measure of C precedes the actual turnaround. I was able to compose a descending whole-step melodic line in the top voice by using Cmaj13 and Cadd9/E in the first bar, Fm6 and Ab/Bb in the second bar, and then resolving to G/C. The slash chords have a more open sound, and are being used as substitutes for the original changes. They have the same function, and they share notes with their full 7th chord counterparts.
Creating the line in Ex. 10 is no more complicated than the other examples since the function of the chords determines which mode or scale to use. The first measure employs the C Ionian mode over the two Cmaj chord sounds. F Dorian is used over Fm6 in bar two. Since Ab/Bb is a substitute for Bb7, I used Bb Mixolydian. In the last measure, C Ionian is used over the top of G/C.
The progression in Ex. 11 is the called the “Lady Bird” turnaround because it is lifted verbatim from the Tadd Dameron song of the same name. It is a I-bIII-bVI-bII chord progression usually played as Cmaj7-Eb7-Abmaj7-Db7. Depending on the recording or the book that you check out, there are slight variations in the last chord but Db7 seems to be the most used. Dressing up this progression, I started with a different G/C voicing, to Eb9(#11), to Eb/Ab (subbing for Abmaj7), to Db9(#11), resolving to C(add#11). In this example, the slash chords are functioning as major seventh chords.
As a result, my scale choices for the line in Ex. 12 are C Ionian over G/C, Eb Lydian Dominant over Eb9(#11), Ab Ionian over Eb/Ab, Db Lydian Dominant over Db9(#11), and C Lydian over C(add#11).
The progression in Ex. 13 is called an “equal interval” turnaround, where the interval between the chords is the same in each measure. Here, the interval is a descending major 3rd that creates a I-bVI-IV-bII sequence, played as Cmaj7-Abmaj7-Fmaj7-Dbmaj7, and will resolve a half-step down to Cmaj7 at the top of the form. Since the interval structure and chord type is the same in both measures, it’s easy to plane sets of voicings up or down the neck. I chose to plane up the neck by using G/C to Abmaj13, then C/F to Dbmaj13, resolving on Cmaj7/E.
The line in Ex. 14 was composed by using the notes of the triad for the slash chord and the Lydian mode for the maj13 chords. For G/C, the notes of the G triad (G-B-D) were used to get an angular line that moves to Ab Lydian over Abmaj13. In the next measure, C/F is represented by the notes of the C triad (C-E-G) along with the root note, F. Db Lydian was used over Dbmaj13, finally resolving to C Ionian over Cmaj7/E. Since this chord progression is not considered “functional” and all the chord sounds are essentially the same, you could use Lydian over each chord as a way to tie the sound of the line together. So, use C Lydian, Ab Lydian, F Lydian, Db Lydian, resolving back to C Lydian.
The last example is the “Radiohead” turnaround since it is based off the chord progression from their song “Creep.” This would be a I-III-IV-iv progression, and played Cmaj7-E7-Fmaj7-Fm7. Dressing this one up, I use a couple of voicings that had an hourglass shape, where close intervals were in the middle of the stack.
In Ex. 15 C6/9 moves to E7(#5), then to Fmaj13, to Fm6 and resolving to G/C. Another potential name for the Fmaj13 would be Fmaj7(add6) since the note D is within the first octave. This chord would function the same way, regardless of which name you used.
Soloing over this progression in Ex. 16, I used the C major pentatonic over C6/9, E whole tone over E7(#5), F Lydian over Fmaj13, and F Dorian over Fm6. Again, for G/C, the notes of the G triad were used with the note E, the 3rd of a Cmaj7 chord.
The main thing to remember about the I-VI-ii-V turnaround is that it is very adaptable. If you learn how to use extensions and alterations, chord substitutions, and quality changes, you can create some fairly unique chord progressions. It may seem like there are many different turnarounds, but they’re really just an adaptation of the basic I-VI-ii-V progression.
Regarding other types of turnarounds, see if you can steal a short chord progression from a pop tune and make it work. Or, experiment with other types of intervals that would move the chord changes further apart, or even closer together. Could you create a turnaround that uses all minor seventh chords? There are plenty of crazy ideas out there to work with, and if it sounds good to you, use it!