So-called “jazz” or “jazzy” chords were in use long before jazz, but it’s jazz musicians who have, arguably, made those most of 7th and extended harmonies. So, what are they? Simply put, jazz chords are triads—chords built from the 1, 3, and 5 of any given scale—with added 7, 9, 11, or 13 intervals. They can also include alterations, such as b5s, #5s, b9s, and #9s.
Rather than bog you down with more theory, let’s put these chords into practice, with plenty of points of reference from the rock genre. Along the way you should naturally start to develop an ear for, and an understanding of, their colorful sounds and benefits.
Classic Rock
Let’s start with one of the best-selling albums of all time, Pink Floyd’s Dark Side of the Moon. Maybe Floyd’s inclusion of jazzy chords is one of the reasons people still find this album appealing and refreshing.
Ex. 1
Ex. 1 is a variation on the end of Floyd’s “Time”—aka “Breathe (Reprise).” This example, complete with flange effect, demonstrates both Em9 and A13 arpeggios. In the key of D, that’s the IIm chord moving to the V chord, an E Dorian sound. These are followed by the essential chord shapes for both major 7 and minor 7 (in this case Cmaj7, Bm7, Fmaj7, Em7). We end with the so-called “Hendrix chord,” a 7#9, moving to a 7b9 chord (uncommon in rock), resolving to a second major 7 shape. This is a tremendously valuable progression, and time (no pun intended) should be taken to memorize all of the chord shapes.
Ex. 2
Ex. 2 comes to us via Led Zeppelin’s eclectic double album Physical Graffiti, specifically “Ten Years Gone.” This track contains more major 7 chords, including one slash-chord version. A slash chord is when the note in the bass is different than the root of the chord, in this case Bbmaj7/A. Here we also find a diminished 7th chord (this is another fundamental shape all guitarists would do well to memorize) functioning as a hip passing chord between Amaj7 and Em7.
Ex. 3
Ex. 3 has the great Edward Van Halen getting into the jazzy chord game, kind of. This progression, à la “Secrets,” contains sus chords—triads wherein the 3rd is replaced (or suspended) by the 2nd or 4th. And, while not uncommon in jazz, these are probably not the first jazz chords that come to mind. Nevertheless, Van Halen’s use of them is unique and worthy of mention. After running through the sus chords, Eddie lands on a rather ambiguous chord that I have labeled Dmaj9, but which could also be thought of as an A/D. Either way, it’s the sophisticated nature of this chord that earns it a spot in this lesson.
Ex. 4
While Bob Marley is known as a reggae icon, there was plenty of crossover between reggae and rock, which allows us to take a look at Marley’s “Waiting in Vain” in Ex. 4. This example once again features the major 7th shape we worked on in Ex. 1, as well as a new shape for major 7 chords—in this instance, the Gmaj7. This shape can be tricky for players as it employs all four fingers, with the pinky far across the fretboard.
Funky Strums
Ex. 5
Let’s keep moving with some jazz chords in a funky rock situation. Ex. 5 is an imitation of Steely Dan’s “Kid Charlemagne,” featuring four different chord shapes, including an F6, with the bass note fretted with the thumb. Make an effort to mute the 5th string on each of these chords. Also, note how the Bb13 chord substitutes for an E7#9 at the end (other than their roots, the chords share three of the same notes).
Ex. 6
Ex. 6, reminiscent of the Red Hot Chili Peppers’ “If You Have to Ask,” contains the biggest variety of chords in this lesson, and time should be taken to master both the shapes and the funky right-hand strum pattern. These 9th chords are funk essentials but also play a big role in jazz.
Jazzy Metal Arpeggios
Our final two examples represent the world of contemporary metal. In both cases, their functions as mellow, arpeggiated intros that transition into heavier verses and choruses, have their roots in the classic metal of the 1970s and 1980s.
Ex. 7
Ex. 7 was inspired by Deftones’ “Sextape” and contains a lush major 7 shape, moving between the I and IV chords. In the first four measures, the shape contains only fretted notes; in the following four, the open high-E string is included, adding even more color, changing the major 7th into a major 9 and major 6.
Ex. 8
Finally, Ex. 8 features not only jazzy arpeggios, but also some mixed meters, with the time signature moving between 6/8 and 7/8. This progression was inspired by “The Coma Machine” by Between the Buried and Me, and introduces us to both a minor 6 chord and an augmented shape.
Keep It Clean?
You may have noticed that all of the examples in the lesson (except for the last group of arpeggios) feature a clean, non-distorted tone. One reason for this is that all the points of reference (except Ex. 8) I mentioned were recorded with clean tones. Another reason is that using distortion on these chords with extensions can make them sound messy and undefined, detracting from the point of the extensions. By contrast, distortion on power chords makes the chords sound sharp and biting. That said, feel free to crank up the overdrive and test for yourself. With enough experimentation, you may create the perfect combination of rock and jazz.
