
Many say that Cream was Clapton's peak. Here's a quick guide to how to get some of Slowhand's most esteemed licks under your hands.
Intermediate
Intermediate
● Discover blues rock rhythms and how to get a huge sound even when you're in a trio.
● Unlock some of Clapton's signature lead guitar techniques.
● Learn to use a wah pedal to get psychedelic sounds.
When it comes to Eric Clapton's guitar style, there is no shortage of masterful guitar techniques to dive into and study. In this article we'll focus specifically on his guitar style during the mid- to late-'60s around the formation of the band Cream.
At this point in the '60s, Clapton had just left his earlier band, the Yardbirds, and was moving on to change the course of his career forever. Cream was founded in London in 1966, and this was where they sparked a sound rooted in rock, blues, and psychedelia. While Clapton was adept at playing many styles of music at this time, the core of his playing was deeply rooted in the blues.
Clapton has always been passionate about incorporating the blues into whatever he is creating. His style is an evolution influenced by some of the greatest blues musicians of all time. His top influences are artists like the three Kings of the blues: Albert, B.B., and Freddie King, as well as Robert Johnson, Hubert Sumlin, Muddy Waters, Big Bill Broonzy, T-Bone Walker, Chuck Berry, Jimmy Reed, Otis Rush and more.
Clapton’s Blues-Rock Rhythms
Let's dive into Ex. 1 where we'll look at a 12-bar blues in the key of A. We are going to use a bass-note chord stab combined with single-note pentatonic playing and hammer-ons.
Ex. 1
Right away you'll notice the use of a "quick IV" chord in the second measure. This is a staple of the blues. A quick four is where you immediately change to the IV chord in the second measure of the chord progression. Here, Clapton would typically play a dominant 9 chord shape. Using the dominant 9 conveys a "Stormy Monday" Walker-style guitar influence.
However, in contrast to Walker's guitar style, Cream-era Clapton would be using much more distortion on his guitar tone.After the initial two eighth-notes played as a bass part, you have the chord stab on beat 2. This short staccato hit creates a backbeat feel like a snare drum hit. From there, Clapton would often continue with a repetitive riff similar to the one played in beats 3 and 4 of every measure of this example.
This type of guitar part is ideal for playing in a trio with just one guitarist. Flipping between chords and single-note lines creates the illusion of two guitar players. Clapton employed this concept extensively, and it was an underlying element to Cream's full band sound, despite it only being a trio. Examples of this style of playing can be heard in tunes like "Badge," "Lawdy Mama," and "World of Pain," among others. Clapton would often add a little bit more bite to the progression with the altered dominant E7#9 and D7#9 chord shapes. This is a sound Hendrix was also very well known for.
Ex. 2 doesn't follow the standard 12-bar blues chord progression. Instead, we are playing a vamp. Often, Cream would create these short sequences of chords. In this example, we are moving from the I chord to the IV chord in the key of A.
Cream's vamps created a hypnotic quality to their sound and gave the musicians a platform to solo over, and perform extended versions live when the studio versions just faded out. Notice the same use of the short staccato backbeat hit, but now it also incorporates hammer-ons and double-stops. This type of guitar part showcases Clapton's seamless ability to blend rhythm and lead styles.
Ex. 2
Unison String Bends
Ex 3 and Ex. 4 explore the concept of unison string bends. This is a sound used extensively by countless blues greats. It started with players like Walker, Berry, and Rush. Later, this technique continued its path straight into rock music. In contrast to those earlier players, Clapton would use more distortion and evoke a much more searing aggression to his sound with Cream.
Ex. 3
Ex. 4
In Ex. 5 we'll play the same thing as Ex. 4, but this time add in a wah pedal. By combining the use of the wah pedal and techniques like unison string bends, Clapton created a signature vocal quality to his guitar sound. This made his solos really stand out.
Ex. 5
Clapton used a wah pedal extensively with Cream, however he didn't just reserve it for lead guitar parts. There are many examples of chordal and rhythm guitar parts he played with the wah pedal too. For these types of guitar parts, Clapton would use the wah pedal in more of a fluttering style to achieve psychedelic sounds.
Ex. 6 showcases a Cream-style psychedelic chord progression with the wah pedal sweeping back and forth. Also note the subtle time signature change. Cream had many songs that had more complex time signatures and rhythmic variations. For example, have a listen to the opening section of "White Room" for a taste of some classic rock in 5/4.
Ex. 6
Double-Stops
Another essential technique for Clapton in his lead and rhythm styles is the use of double-stops. Ex. 2 demonstrated how Clapton might play double-stops combined in a rhythm guitar part. Next, we'll explore how he would use those same techniques for soloing.
Ex. 7 shows a double-stop technique like the unison string bends, but this time we'll be bending both notes of the double-stop.
To do this, Clapton would typically use his fretting hand third finger to bar down and cover the notes on the 3rd and 2nd strings. With this technique he would bend them up and then release them back down. A great example of this can be heard in the solo for "Sunshine of Your Love."
Ex. 7
Ex. 8 shows a way Clapton would use a partial double-stop in a solo to build energy and excitement through a repetitive figure. Here this riff is played on the higher strings, but Clapton would also use similar phrases on the middle strings as well. You can hear examples of this type of lick in the live version of "Crossroads," and also in the ending solo for "White Room."
Ex. 8
Ex. 9 demonstrates Clapton's blending of blues and rock while using double-stops. This type of triplet phrase combined with the double-stops is a staple for many blues musicians. They'll often use this as a turnaround lick. Clapton continued to play this type of phrase in many of his popular tunes and solos throughout his career.
Ex. 9
Arpeggios
Another must-know Clapton technique that he employed throughout Cream's catalogue is arpeggio picking. Ex. 10 demonstrates a descending Clapton-style chord progression with arpeggio picking. This type of guitar part can be heard in tunes like "Dance the Night Away," which was played on a 12-string. Clapton continued to develop this style throughout his career, and this type of picking through chord changes is prevalent in some of his most famous guitar parts.
Ex. 10
Often Clapton would use this type of playing for descending chord progressions. Ex. 11 shows another use of this style with a very common classic-rock chord progression.
Ex. 11
These influential techniques have paved the way for generations of new musicians. Whether you're just starting out in this style, or you've been playing it for years, returning to some of these core concepts and applying them in your own music will surely pay off in years to come.
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Onstage, Tommy Emmanuel executes a move that is not from the playbook of his hero, Chet Atkins.
Recorded live at the Sydney Opera House, the Australian guitarist’s new album reminds listeners that his fingerpicking is in a stratum all its own. His approach to arranging only amplifies that distinction—and his devotion to Chet Atkins.
Australian fingerpicking virtuoso Tommy Emmanuel is turning 70 this year. He’s been performing since he was 6, and for every solo show he’s played, he’s never used a setlist.
“My biggest decision every day on tour is, ‘What do I want to start with? How do I want to come out of the gate?’” Emmanuel explains to me over a video call. “A good opener has to have everything. It has to be full of surprise, it has to have lots of good ideas, lots of light and shade, and then, hit it again,” he says, illustrating each phrase with his hands and ending with a punch.“You lift off straightaway with the first song, you get airborne, you start reaching, and then it’s time to level out and take people on a journey.”
In May 2023, Emmanuel played two shows at the Sydney Opera House, the best performances from which have been combined on his new release, Live at the Sydney Opera House. The venue’s Concert Hall, which has a capacity of 2,679, is a familiar room for Emmanuel, but I think at this point in his career he wouldn’t bring a setlist if he was playing Wembley Stadium. On the recording, Emmanuel’s mind-blowingly dexterous chops, distinctive attack and flair, and knack for culturally resonant compositions are on full display. His opening song for the shows? An original, “Countrywide,” with a segue into Chet Atkins’ “El Vaquero.”
“When I was going to high school in the ’60s, I heard ‘El Vaquero’ on Chet Atkins’ record, [1964’s My Favorite Guitars],” Emmanuel shares. “And when I wrote ‘Countrywide’ in around ’76 or ’77, I suddenly realized, ‘Ah! It’s a bit like “El Vaquero!”’ So I then worked out ‘El Vaquero’ as a solo piece, because it wasn’t recorded like that [by Atkins originally].
“The co-writer of ‘El Vaquero’ is Wayne Moss, who’s a famous Nashville session guy who played ‘da da da’ [sings the guitar riff from Roy Orbison’s ‘Pretty Woman’]. And he played on a lot of Chet’s records as a rhythm guy. So once when I played ‘El Vaquero’ live, Wayne Moss came up to me and said, ‘You know, you did my part and Chet’s at the same time. That’s not fair!’” Emmanuel says, laughing.
Atkins is the reason Emmanuel got into performing. His mother had been teaching him rhythm guitar for a couple years when he heard Atkins on the radio and, at 6, was able to immediately mimic his fingerpicking technique. His father recognized Emmanuel’s prodigious talent and got him on the road that year, which kicked off his professional career. He says, “By the time I was 6, I was already sleep-deprived, working too hard, and being forced to be educated. Because all I was interested in was playing music.”
Emmanuel talks about Atkins as if the way he viewed him as a boy hasn’t changed. The title Atkins bestowed upon him, C.G.P. (Certified Guitar Player), appears on Emmanuel’s album covers, in his record label (C.G.P. Sounds), and is inlaid at the 12th fret on his Maton Custom Shop TE Personal signature acoustic. (Atkins named only five guitarists C.G.P.s. The others are John Knowles, Steve Wariner, Jerry Reed, and Atkins himself.) For Emmanuel, even today most roads lead to Atkins.
When I ask Emmanuel about his approach to arranging for solo acoustic guitar, he says, “It was really hit home for me by my hero, Chet Atkins, when I read an interview with him a long time ago and he said, ‘Make your arrangement interesting.’ And I thought, ‘Wow!’ Because I was so keen to be true to the composer and play the song as everyone knows it. But then again, I’m recreating it like everyone else has, and I might as well get in line with the rest of them and jump off the cliff into nowhere. So it struck me: ‘How can I make my arrangements interesting?’ Well, make them full of surprises.”
When Emmanuel was invited to contribute to 2015’s Burt Bacharach: This Guitar’s in Love with You, featuring acoustic-guitar tributes to Bacharach’s classic compositions by various artists, Emmanuel expresses that nobody wanted to take “(They Long to Be) Close to You,” due to its “syrupy” nature. But for Emmanuel, this presented an entertaining challenge.
He explains, “I thought, ‘Okay, how can I reboot “Close to You?’ So even the most jaded listener will say, ‘Holy fuck—I didn’t expect that! Wow, I really like that; that is a good melody!’ So I found a good key to play the song in, which allowed me to get some open notes that sustain while I move the chords. Then what I did is, in every phrase, I made the chord unresolve, then resolve.
Tommy Emmanuel's Gear
“I’m writing music for the film that’s in my head,” Emmanuel says. “So, I don’t think, ‘I’m just the guitar,’ ever.”
Photo by Simone Cecchetti
Guitars
- Three Maton Custom Shop TE Personals, each with an AP5 PRO pickup system
Amps
- Udo Roesner Da Capo 75
Effects
- AER Pocket Tools preamp
Strings & Picks
- Martin TE Signature Phosphor Bronze (.012–.054)
- Martin SP strings
- Ernie Ball Paradigm strings
- D’Andrea Pro Plec 1.5 mm
- Dunlop medium thumbpicks
“And then to really put the nail in the coffin, at the end, ‘Close to you’ [sings melody]. I finished on a major 9 chord which had that note in it, but it wasn’t the key the song was in, which is a typical Stevie Wonder trick. All the tricks I know, the wonderful ideas that I’ve stolen, are from Michael Jackson, Stevie Wonder, Lionel Richie, James Taylor, Carole King, Neil Diamond. All of the people who wrote really incredibly great pop songs and R&B music—I stole every idea I could, and I tried to make my little two-and-a -half minutes as interesting and entertaining as possible. Because entertainment equals: Surprise me.”
I share with Emmanuel that the performances on Live at the Sydney Opera House, which include his popular “Beatles Medley,” reminded me of another possible arrangement trick. In Harpo Marx’s autobiography, Harpo Speaks, I preface, Marx writes of a lesson he learned as a performer—to “answer the audience’s questions.” (Emmanuel says he’s a big fan of the book and read it in the early ’70s.) That happened for me while listening to the medley, when, after sampling melodies from “She’s a Woman” and “Please Please Me,” Emmanuel suddenly lands on “While My Guitar Gently Weeps.”
I say, “I’m waiting for something that hits more recognizably to me, and when ‘While My Guitar’ comes in, that’s like answering my question.”
“It’s also Paul and John, Paul and John, George,” Emmanuel replies. “You think, ‘That’s great, that’s great pop music,’ then, ‘Wow! Look at the depth of this.’”Often Emmanuel’s flights on his acoustic guitar are seemingly superhuman—as well as supremely entertaining.
Photo by Ekaterina Gorbacheva
A trick I like to employ as a writer, I say to Emmanuel, is that when I’m describing something, I’ll provide the reader with just enough context so that they can complete the thought on their own.
“You can do that musically as well,” says Emmanuel. He explains how, in his arrangement of “What a Wonderful World,” he’ll play only the vocal melody. “When people are asking me at a workshop, ‘How come you don’t put chords behind that part?’ I say, ‘I’m drawing the melody and you’re putting in all the background in your head. I don’t need to tell you what the chords are. You already know what the chords are.’”
“Wayne Moss came up to me and said, ‘You know, you did my part and Chet’s at the same time. That’s not fair!’”
Another track featured on Live at the Sydney Opera House is a cover of Paul Simon’s “American Tune” (which Emmanuel then jumps into an adaptation of the Australian bush ballad, “Waltzing Matilda”). It’s been a while since I really spent time with There GoesRhymin’ Simon (on which “American Tune” was first released), and yet it sounded so familiar to me. A little digging revealed that its melody is based on the 17th-century Christian hymn, “O Sacred Head, Now Wounded,” which was arranged and repurposed by Bach in a few of the composer’s works. The cross-chronological and genre-lackadaisical intersections that come up in popular music sometimes is fascinating.
“I think the principle right there,” Emmanuel muses, “is people like Bach and Beethoven and Mozart found the right language to touch the heart of a human being through their ears and through their senses ... that really did something to them deep in their soul. They found a way with the right chords and the right notes, somehow. It could be as primitive as that.
Tommy Emmanuel has been on the road as a performing guitarist for 64 years. Eat your heart out, Bob Dylan.
Photo by Jan Anderson
“It’s like when you’re a young composer and someone tells you, ‘Have a listen to Elton John’s “Candle in the Wind,”’ he continues. “‘Listen to how those notes work with those chords.’ And every time you hear it, you go, ‘Why does it touch me like that? Why do I feel this way when I hear those chords—those notes against those chords?’ I say, it’s just human nature. Then you wanna go, ‘How can I do that!’” he concludes with a grin.
“You draw from such a variety of genres in your arrangements,” I posit. “Do you try to lean into the side of converting those songs to solo acoustic guitar, or the side of bridging the genre’s culture to that of your audience?”
“I stole every idea I could, and I tried to make my little two-and-a-half minutes as interesting and entertaining as possible. Because entertainment equals: Surprise me.”
“If I was a method actor,” Emmanuel explains, “what I’m doing is—I’m writing music for the film that’s in my head. So, I don’t think, ‘I’m just the guitar,’ ever. I always think it has to have that kind of orchestral, not grandeur, but … palette to it. Because of the influence of Stevie Wonder, Billy Joel, and Elton John, especially—the piano guys—I try to use piano ideas, like putting the third in the low bass a lot, because guitar players don’t necessarily do that. And I try to always do something that makes what I do different.
“I want to be different and recognizable,” he continues. “I remember when people talked about how some players—you just hear one note and you go, ‘Oh, that’s Chet Atkins.’ And it hit me like a train, the reason why a guy like Hank Marvin, the lead guitar player from the Shadows.... I can tell you: He had a tone that I hear in other players now. Everyone copied him—they just don’t know it—including Mark Knopfler, Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page, all those people. I got him up to play with me a few times when he moved to Australia, and even playing acoustic, he still had that sound. I don’t know how he did it, but it was him. He invented himself.”
YouTube It
Emmanuel performs his arrangement of “What a Wonderful World,” illustrating how omitting a harmonic backdrop can have a more powerful effect, especially when playing such a well-known melody.
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