Don’t sleep on one of the most unique and expressive techniques we guitarists can develop. From B.B. to Beck, everyone has their own version, and it’s about time you get a handle on yours.
Theory: Beginner
Lesson Overview:
• Increase control of your fretting hand to shape and improve your vibrato.
• From subtle intonation adjustments to wide, authoritative statements, learn different strategies for using vibrato.
• Explore ways to unlock your creative potential in any situation.
Click here to download a printable PDF of this lesson's notation.
Ask 10 guitarists what constitutes great vibrato and you’ll get 10 different answers. Because there are several different ways to vary the pitch, one size does not fit all. In the early days of guitar, the classical approach to vibrato was to create subtle pitch variations with a quick rocking motion of the fingertips. By alternately moving toward the headstock and soundhole, the player stretched the nylon string sharp and flat. It works with steel strings too. Try this: Hook up a tuner and watch how the pitch changes when you move your fingertip from left to right, perpendicular to the fret. Your finger should move with the palm, not independently. It’s a very expressive technique that can be used in a variety of situations (Ex. 1).
Click here for Ex. 1
This kind of vibrato also serves as my preferred method for a quick recovery when playing in a band, or even on a solo guitar gig, if a note or interval is not quite in tune. Considering the compromises of guitar tuning in general, I can fluctuate the pitch just enough to even out the intonation while imparting some expression.
YouTube It
During an early NPR Tiny Desk performance, classical guitarist David Russell demonstrates some extremely expressive vibrato during the first few notes of Augustin Barrios’ “Una Limosna por el Amor de Dios.”
The Blues Had a Baby
With the invention of the electric guitar and lighter strings, the shift to creating vibrato by pushing the string across the fret was a natural progression, and it remains the most widespread approach. The mechanics are simple: You apply a rotating motion to the string to slide it over the fretwire. However, the power for this back and forth motion does not come from the finger. Instead, it comes from the wrist (think of B.B. King), and less commonly, the forearm in an up-down motion (think of Eric Clapton). Your fingers simply keep the string in contact with the fret while your wrist or arm does the work.
YouTube It
Here’s a performance of Clapton’s “River of Tears” from a tour of Japan. Pay close attention to Clapton’s vibrato starting at :47. Notice how his hand just seems to float around the guitar with all the energy coming from his arm, rather than his fingers.
To gain power from the wrist, the side of your hand closest to the little finger flicks either upward or downward in a rotary motion. Directionally, the neck itself limits us to an upward motion on the 1st string and a downward motion on the 6th string. On the remaining four strings, my preference is for the direction to be consistently towards the center of the fretboard, which neatly keeps the unwound 1st, 2nd, and 3rd strings in an upward motion and the 4th, 5th, and 6th strings in a downward motion. Experiment to find what works for you.
Let It Go
In either approach, the fretting hand has a role to play in terms of tone. I find I get more power and resonance by letting go of the neck so the finger forms the sole point of contact with it. Not only does this let me control the range of vibrato—from narrow to wide—but freeing the rest of the neck to vibrate encourages an open, singing sound.
What to Avoid
Although I have greatly exaggerated the effect to make it obvious, Ex. 2 is an extreme version of what often plagues aspiring players. The vibrato is too wide and this makes things sound out of tune. And sudden speed changes with no regard for a regular rhythmic quality makes the vibrato sound ragged and uneven.
Click here for Ex. 2
Do This Instead
Exploring the full range of possibilities will lead to the greatest number of options for vibrato. An overview of just a few approaches could include:
- Fast and narrow
- Slow and narrow
- Medium speed and medium depth
- Medium speed and wide
- Fast and wide
- Any combination of the above
Left to my own devices, my tendency is to execute vibrato with medium depth and medium speed (Ex. 3).
Click here for Ex. 3
Gaining Control
Although I generally like to apply vibrato from the start, it can be effective to practice easing into it on a stationary note, as in Ex. 4. Here, I sound the note first and then begin the vibrato a moment later. This allows you to clearly hear the fundamental pitch, and then contrast it to the specific speed and depth of vibrato. Allowing a bit of space between the attack and the onset of the vibrato lets you impart a bit of variation to the note on the back half of its sustain. A great example is Carlos Santana’s solo on “Samba Pa Ti.”
Click here for Ex. 4
Once things start to feel familiar, try a subtle and narrow vibrato right from the start, as illustrated in Ex. 5. It’s there, but not quite so wide and obvious as other musical contexts might call for.
Click here for Ex. 5
Whisper or Shout?
Things don’t have to always call attention to themselves. Some vibratos may be so subtle that they are more felt than heard (especially in a track with other instruments), and it’s helpful to liken your vibrato to a sense of touch, dynamics, and sheer volume. How much attention do you want to call to a note? Generally speaking, the wider and/or faster the vibrato, the more attention it captures.
The slow and narrow approach of Ex. 6 can be especially effective when soloing over minor blues changes, contrasted by the wider approach of Ex. 7. Don’t discount how your gear choice impacts the vibe, too. On the former I played a Strat through the bright channel of a ’62 Fender Tremolux. For the latter, I ran a goldtop Les Paul through a Vox AC30 for a larger, more authoritative tone. Not surprisingly, the vibratos on the latter became not only wider, but bolder.
Click here for Ex. 6
Click here for Ex. 7
If you really want to unlock the secrets of a guitarist’s vibrato or compare it to another player’s approach, take one of your favorite guitar records and reduce the speed enough to hear exactly what’s going on. There was a time I was actively learning as many solos as I could from all three Kings, Clapton, Michael Bloomfield, SRV, and Hendrix. When I slowed the solos and riffs down enough to internalize all the subtleties, I discovered this learning experience was as effective as any guitar lesson … plus it teaches you tons about context. I love Mick Taylor’s vibrato, but it’s very different from Django Reinhardt. Using the right one at the right time is everything.
B.B.’s Hummingbird
Ex. 8 demonstrates a faster and increasingly wider vibrato that’s inspired by B.B. King. Although this one makes use of the first finger playing B on the 2nd string, 12th fret, remember to practice your vibrato with each individual finger, because sometimes you’ll fret a note with the second or third finger and want to apply some vibrato with that digit. The more flexibility you have, the better, and getting it consistent with any finger is a lifelong process.
Click here for Ex. 8
Shades of Hendrix
Another powerful tool is setting two strings into motion, and with so many beautiful vibratos on Jimi Hendrix’s Electric Ladyland album, the double-stop fourths he slides into halfway through “1983 (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)” may well have changed my life. The mechanics are the same as before: Let the wrist provide the power. Ex. 9 demonstrates a Hendrix-y kind of approach. Of course, at the end of the day, most of us play in group contexts, and it’s good to focus on how your vibrato sounds not just in a room by yourself, but in a mix with other players. So listen to your vibrato in both contexts.
Click here for Ex. 9
The Bends (Not the Radiohead Album)
Applying vibrato at the top of a bend is yet another powerful tool. Just as before, focus first on hitting your target note, then ease into the vibrato (Ex. 10). For demonstration purposes, I’ve put a vibrato on top of both bends in the example. In the real world, I’d never shake every note. With this kind of vibrato, the hand remains around the neck because the thumb is needed for strength and stability in the bend.
Click here for Ex. 10
When you’re ready to launch right into using vibrato on top of bends, as in Ex. 11, pay special attention to pitch. Deliberately overshooting to arrive just a little bit sharp allows the string to settle into perfect tuning on the release. You’ll want the pitch centered on the target note.
Click here for Ex. 11
The Vibrato Arm
Finally, with the invention of vibrato units on guitars, the vibrato bar itself became a contender. It may be used in many ways from gentle to aggressive (hello, Jeff Beck!), but for now I’ll leave you with the delicate, gentle motion. Depending on whether your bridge is floating or set flush to the body, you can pull up on the bar to raise the pitch or press down on the bar to lower it. In either case, just like before, the full range of possibilities are worth exploring. Ex. 12 has two different audio clips. One is a bit wider and more obvious. Think of them as a shimmer versus a wave. Both were played on a Strat through the brilliant channel of a ’63 AC30. The only thing that changed was the depth and pressure of my hand on the bar.
Click here for Ex. 12
Day 6 of Stompboxtober is here! Today’s prize? A pedal from Revv Amplification! Enter now and check back tomorrow for the next one!
Revv G3 Purple Channel Preamp/Overdrive/Distortion Pedal - Anniversary Edition
The Revv G3 revolutionized high gain pedals in 2018 with its tube-like response & tight, clear high gain tones. Suddenly the same boutique tones used by metal artists & producers worldwide were available to anyone in a compact pedal. Now the G3 returns with a new V2 circuit revision that raises the bar again.
Beauty and sweet sonority elevate a simple-to-use, streamlined acoustic and vocal amplifier.
An EQ curve that trades accuracy for warmth. Easy-to-learn, simple-to-use controls. It’s pretty!
Still exhibits some classic acoustic-amplification problems, like brash, unforgiving midrange if you’re not careful.
$1,199
Taylor Circa 74
taylorguitars.com
Save for a few notable (usually expensive) exceptions, acoustic amplifiers are rarely beautiful in a way that matches the intrinsic loveliness of an acoustic flattop. I’ve certainly seen companies try—usually by using brown-colored vinyl to convey … earthiness? Don’t get me wrong, a lot of these amps sound great and even look okay. But the bar for aesthetics, in my admittedly snotty opinion, remains rather low. So, my hat’s off to Taylor for clearing that bar so decisively and with such style. The Circa 74 is, indeed, a pretty piece of work that’s forgiving to work with, ease to use, streamlined, and sharp.
Boxing Beyond Utility
Any discussion of trees or wood with Bob Taylor is a gas, and highly instructive. He loves the stuff and has dabbled before in amplifier designs that made wood an integral feature, rather than just trim. But the Circa 74 is more than just an aesthetic exercise. Because the Taylor gang started to think in a relatively unorthodox way about acoustic sound amplification—eschewing the notion that flat frequency response is the only path to attractive acoustic tone.
I completely get this. I kind of hate flat-response speakers. I hate nice monitors. We used to have a joke at a studio I frequented about a pair of monitors that often made us feel angry and agitated. Except that they really did. Flat sound can be flat-out exhausting and lame. What brings me happiness is listening to Lee “Scratch” Perry—loud—on a lazy Sunday on my secondhand ’70s Klipsch speakers. One kind of listening is like staring at a sun-dappled summer garden gone to riot with flowers. The other sometimes feels like a stale cheese sandwich delivered by robot.
The idea that live acoustic music—and all its best, earthy nuances—can be successfully communicated via a system that imparts its own color is naturally at odds with acoustic culture’s ethos of organic-ness, authenticity, and directness. But where does purity end and begin in an amplified acoustic signal? An undersaddle pickup isn’t made of wood. A PA with flat-response speakers didn’t grow in a forest. So why not build an amp with color—the kind of color that makes listening to music a pleasure and not a chore?
To some extent, that question became the design brief that drove the evolution of the Circa 74. Not coincidentally, the Circa 74 feels as effortless to use as a familiar old hi-fi. It has none of the little buttons for phase correction that make me anxious every time I see one. There’s two channels: one with an XLR/1/4" combo input, which serves as the vocal channel if you are a singer; another with a 1/4" input for your instrument. Each channel consists of just five controls—level, bass, middle, and treble EQ, and a reverb. An 11th chickenhead knob just beneath the jewel lamp governs the master output. That’s it, if you don’t include the Bluetooth pairing button and 1/8" jacks for auxiliary sound sources and headphones. Power, by the way, is rated at 150 watts. That pours forth through a 10" speaker.Pretty in Practice
I don’t want to get carried away with the experiential and aesthetic aspects of the Circa 74. It’s an amplifier with a job to do, after all. But I had fun setting it up—finding a visually harmonious place among a few old black-panel Fender amps and tweed cabinets, where it looked very much at home, and in many respects equally timeless.
Plugging in a vocal mic and getting a balance with my guitar happened in what felt like 60 seconds. Better still, the sound that came from the Circa 74, including an exceedingly croaky, flu-addled human voice, sounded natural and un-abrasive. The Circa 74 isn’t beyond needing an assist. Getting the most accurate picture of a J-45 with a dual-source pickup meant using both the treble and midrange in the lower third of their range. Anything brighter sounded brash. A darker, all-mahogany 00, however, preferred a scooped EQ profile with the treble well into the middle of its range. You still have to do the work of overcoming classic amplification problems like extra-present high mids and boxiness. But the fixes come fast, easily, and intuitively. The sound may not suggest listening to an audiophile copy of Abbey Road, as some discussions of the amp would lead you to expect. But there is a cohesiveness, particularly in the low midrange, that does give it the feel of something mixed, even produced, but still quite organic.
The Verdict
Taylor got one thing right: The aesthetic appeal of the Circa 74 has a way of compelling you to play and sing. Well, actually, they got a bunch of things right. The EQ is responsive and makes it easy to achieve a warm representation of your acoustic, no matter what its tone signature. It’s also genuinely attractive. It’s not perfectly accurate. Instead, it’s rich in low-mid resonance and responsive to treble-frequency tweaks—lending a glow not a million miles away from a soothing home stereo. I think that approach to acoustic amplification is as valid as the quest for transparency. I’m excited to see how that thinking evolves, and how Taylor responds to their discoveries.
The evolution of Electro-Harmonix’s very first effect yields a powerful boost and equalization machine at a rock-bottom price.
A handy and versatile preamp/booster that goes well beyond the average basic booster’s range. Powerful EQ section.
Can sound a little harsh at more extreme EQ ranges.
$129
Electro-Harmonix LPB-3
ehx.com
Descended from the first Electro-Harmonix pedal ever released, the LPB-1 Linear Power Booster, the new LPB-3 has come a long way from the simple, one-knob unit in a folded-metal enclosure that plugged straight into your amplifier. Now living in Electro-Harmonix’s compact Nano chassis, the LPB-3 Linear Power Booster and EQ boasts six control knobs, two switches, and more gain than ever before.
If 3 Were 6
With six times the controls found on the 1 and 2 versions (if you discount the original’s on/off slider switch,) the LPB-3’s control complement offers pre-gain, boost, mid freq, bass, treble, and mid knobs, with a center detent on the latter three so you can find the midpoint easily. A mini-toggle labeled “max” selects between 20 dB and 33 dB of maximum gain, and another labeled “Q” flips the resonance of the mid EQ between high and low. Obviously, this represents a significant expansion of the LPB’s capabilities.
More than just a booster with a passive tone, the LPB-3 boasts a genuine active EQ stage plus parametric midrange section, comprising the two knobs with shaded legends, mid freq and mid level. The gain stages have also been reimagined to include a pre-gain stage before the EQ, which enables up to 20 dB of input gain. The boost stage that follows the EQ is essentially a level control with gain to allow for up to 33 dB of gain through the LPB-3 when the “max” mini toggle is set to 33dB
A slider switch accessible inside the pedal selects between buffered or true bypass for the hard-latch footswitch. An AC adapter is included, which supplies 200mA of DC at 9.6 volts to the center-negative power input, and EHX specifies that nothing supplying less than 120mA or more than 12 volts should be used. There’s no space for an internal battery.
Power-Boosted
The LPB-3 reveals boatloads of range that betters many linear boosts on the market. There’s lots of tone-shaping power here. Uncolored boost is available when you want it, and the preamp gain knob colors and fattens your signal as you crank it up—even before you tap into the massive flexibility in the EQ stage.
“The preamp gain knob colors and fattens your signal as you crank it up—even before you tap into the massive flexibility in the EQ stage.”
I found the two mid controls work best when used judiciously, and my guitars and amps preferred subtle changes pretty close to the midpoint on each. However, there are still tremendous variations in your mid boost (or scoop, for that matter) within just 15 or 20 percent range in either direction from the center detent. Pushing the boost and pre-gain too far, particularly with the 33 dB setting engaged, can lead to some harsh sounds, but they are easy to avoid and might even be desirable for some users that like to work at more creative extremes.
The Verdict
The new LPB-3 has much, much more range than its predecessors, providing flexible preamp, boost, and overdrive sounds that can be reshaped in significant ways via the powerful EQ. It gives precise tone-tuning flexibility to sticklers that like to match a guitar and amp to a song in a very precise way, but also opens up more radical paths for experimentalists. That it does all this at a $129 price is beyond reasonable.
Electro-Harmonix Lpb-3 Linear Power Booster & Eq Effect Pedal Silver And Blue
Intermediate
Intermediate
• Learn classic turnarounds.
• Add depth and interest to common progressions.
• Stretch out harmonically with hip substitutions.
Get back to center in musical and ear-catching ways.
A turnaround chord progression has one mission: It allows the music to continue seamlessly back to the beginning of the form while reinforcing the key center in a musically interesting way. Consider the last four measures of a 12-bar blues in F, where the bare-bones harmony would be C7-Bb7-F7-F7 (one chord per measure). With no turn around in the last two measures, you would go back to the top of the form, landing on another F7. That’s a lot of F7, both at the end of the form, and then again in the first four bars of the blues. Without a turnaround, you run the risk of obscuring the form of the song. It would be like writing a novel without using paragraphs or punctuation.
The most common turnaround is the I-VI-ii-V chord progression, which can be applied to the end of the blues and is frequently used when playing jazz standards. Our first four turnarounds are based on this chord progression. Furthermore, by using substitutions and chord quality changes, you get more mileage out of the I-VI-ii-V without changing the basic functionality of the turnaround itself. The second group of four turnarounds features unique progressions that have been borrowed from songs or were created from a theoretical idea.
In each example, I added extensions and alterations to each chord and stayed away from the pure R-3-5-7 voicings. This will give each chord sequence more color and interesting voice leading. Each turnaround has a companion solo line that reflects the sound of the changes. Shell voicings (root, 3rd, 7th) are played underneath so that the line carries the sound of the written chord changes, making it easier to hear the sound of the extensions and alterations. All examples are in the key of C. Let’s hit it.
The first turnaround is the tried and true I-VI-ii-V progression, played as Cmaj7-A7-Dm7-G7. Ex. 1 begins with C6/9, to A7(#5), to Dm9, to G7(#5), and resolves to Cmaj7(#11). By using these extensions and alterations, I get a smoother, mostly chromatic melodic line at the top of the chord progression.
Ex. 2 shows one possible line that you can create. As for scale choices, I used C major pentatonic over C6/9, A whole tone for A7(#5), D Dorian for Dm9, G whole tone for G7(#5), and C Lydian for Cmaj7(#11) to get a more modern sound.
The next turnaround is the iii-VI-ii-V progression, played as Em7-A7-Dm7-G7 where the Em7 is substituted for Cmaj7. The more elaborate version in Ex. 3 shows Em9 to A7(#9)/C#, to Dm6/9, to G9/B, resolving to Cmaj7(add6). A common way to substitute chords is to use the diatonic chord that is a 3rd above the written chord. So, to sub out the I chord (Cmaj7) you would use the iii chord (Em7). By spelling Cmaj7 = C-E-G-B and Em7 = E-G-B-D, you can see that these two chords have three notes in common, and will sound similar over the fundamental bass note, C. The dominant 7ths are in first inversion, but serve the same function while having a more interesting bass line.
The line in Ex. 4 uses E Dorian over Em9, A half-whole diminished over A7(#9)/C#, D Dorian over Dm6/9, G Mixolydian over G9/B, and C major pentatonic over Cmaj7(add6). The chord qualities we deal with most are major 7, dominant 7, and minor 7. A quality change is just that… changing the quality of the written chord to another one. You could take a major 7 and change it to a dominant 7, or even a minor 7. Hence the III-VI-II-V turnaround, where the III and the VI have both been changed to a dominant 7, and the basic changes would be E7-A7-D7-G7.
See Ex. 5, where E7(b9) moves to A7(#11), to D7(#9) to G7(#5) to Cmaj9. My scale choices for the line in Ex. 6 are E half-whole diminished over E7(#9), A Lydian Dominant for A7(#11), D half-whole diminished for D7(#9), G whole tone for G7(#5), and C Ionian for Cmaj9.
Ex. 7 is last example in the I-VI-ii-V category. Here, the VI and V are replaced with their tritone substitutes. Specifically, A7 is replaced with Eb7, and G7 is replaced with Db7, and the basic progression becomes Cmaj7-Eb7-Dm7-Db7. Instead of altering the tritone subs, I used a suspended 4th sound that helped to achieve a diatonic, step-wise melody in the top voice of the chord progression.
The usual scales can be found an Ex. 8, where are use a C major pentatonic over C6/9, Eb Mixolydian over Eb7sus4, D Dorian over Dm11, Db Mixolydian over Db7sus4, and once again, C Lydian over Cmaj7(#11). You might notice that the shapes created by the two Mixolydian modes look eerily similar to minor pentatonic shapes. That is by design, since a Bb minor pentatonic contains the notes of an Eb7sus4 chord. Similarly, you would use an Ab minor pentatonic for Db7sus4.
The next four turnarounds are not based on the I-VI-ii-V chord progression, but have been adapted from other songs or theoretical ideas. Ex. 9 is called the “Backdoor” turnaround, and uses a iv-bVII-I chord progression, played as Fm7-Bb7-Cmaj7. In order to keep the two-bar phrase intact, a full measure of C precedes the actual turnaround. I was able to compose a descending whole-step melodic line in the top voice by using Cmaj13 and Cadd9/E in the first bar, Fm6 and Ab/Bb in the second bar, and then resolving to G/C. The slash chords have a more open sound, and are being used as substitutes for the original changes. They have the same function, and they share notes with their full 7th chord counterparts.
Creating the line in Ex. 10 is no more complicated than the other examples since the function of the chords determines which mode or scale to use. The first measure employs the C Ionian mode over the two Cmaj chord sounds. F Dorian is used over Fm6 in bar two. Since Ab/Bb is a substitute for Bb7, I used Bb Mixolydian. In the last measure, C Ionian is used over the top of G/C.
The progression in Ex. 11 is the called the “Lady Bird” turnaround because it is lifted verbatim from the Tadd Dameron song of the same name. It is a I-bIII-bVI-bII chord progression usually played as Cmaj7-Eb7-Abmaj7-Db7. Depending on the recording or the book that you check out, there are slight variations in the last chord but Db7 seems to be the most used. Dressing up this progression, I started with a different G/C voicing, to Eb9(#11), to Eb/Ab (subbing for Abmaj7), to Db9(#11), resolving to C(add#11). In this example, the slash chords are functioning as major seventh chords.
As a result, my scale choices for the line in Ex. 12 are C Ionian over G/C, Eb Lydian Dominant over Eb9(#11), Ab Ionian over Eb/Ab, Db Lydian Dominant over Db9(#11), and C Lydian over C(add#11).
The progression in Ex. 13 is called an “equal interval” turnaround, where the interval between the chords is the same in each measure. Here, the interval is a descending major 3rd that creates a I-bVI-IV-bII sequence, played as Cmaj7-Abmaj7-Fmaj7-Dbmaj7, and will resolve a half-step down to Cmaj7 at the top of the form. Since the interval structure and chord type is the same in both measures, it’s easy to plane sets of voicings up or down the neck. I chose to plane up the neck by using G/C to Abmaj13, then C/F to Dbmaj13, resolving on Cmaj7/E.
The line in Ex. 14 was composed by using the notes of the triad for the slash chord and the Lydian mode for the maj13 chords. For G/C, the notes of the G triad (G-B-D) were used to get an angular line that moves to Ab Lydian over Abmaj13. In the next measure, C/F is represented by the notes of the C triad (C-E-G) along with the root note, F. Db Lydian was used over Dbmaj13, finally resolving to C Ionian over Cmaj7/E. Since this chord progression is not considered “functional” and all the chord sounds are essentially the same, you could use Lydian over each chord as a way to tie the sound of the line together. So, use C Lydian, Ab Lydian, F Lydian, Db Lydian, resolving back to C Lydian.
The last example is the “Radiohead” turnaround since it is based off the chord progression from their song “Creep.” This would be a I-III-IV-iv progression, and played Cmaj7-E7-Fmaj7-Fm7. Dressing this one up, I use a couple of voicings that had an hourglass shape, where close intervals were in the middle of the stack.
In Ex. 15 C6/9 moves to E7(#5), then to Fmaj13, to Fm6 and resolving to G/C. Another potential name for the Fmaj13 would be Fmaj7(add6) since the note D is within the first octave. This chord would function the same way, regardless of which name you used.
Soloing over this progression in Ex. 16, I used the C major pentatonic over C6/9, E whole tone over E7(#5), F Lydian over Fmaj13, and F Dorian over Fm6. Again, for G/C, the notes of the G triad were used with the note E, the 3rd of a Cmaj7 chord.
The main thing to remember about the I-VI-ii-V turnaround is that it is very adaptable. If you learn how to use extensions and alterations, chord substitutions, and quality changes, you can create some fairly unique chord progressions. It may seem like there are many different turnarounds, but they’re really just an adaptation of the basic I-VI-ii-V progression.
Regarding other types of turnarounds, see if you can steal a short chord progression from a pop tune and make it work. Or, experiment with other types of intervals that would move the chord changes further apart, or even closer together. Could you create a turnaround that uses all minor seventh chords? There are plenty of crazy ideas out there to work with, and if it sounds good to you, use it!