Four brutal amps from Mesa/Boogie, Friedman, Randall, and Engl go through the Premier Guitar roundup wringer.
Since Hendrix, Cream, and the Who signaled the dawn of 100-watt-driven heavy music, hard rock and metal guitarists have coveted tools for pushing the boundaries in genres where subtlety rarely matters. In the old days, there werenāt too many heavy amp merchantsāOrange, Marshall, and Laney were about it for a long time.
Fast-forward to present day. Rock and metal guitarists now have more options than ever to sate their jones for all things heavy. The sea of choices means the biggest problem isnāt whether the ideal amp exists, but which one will deliver the goods.
With the hope of making your own quest for heavy a little easier, weāve compiled a roundup of four monstrously heavy amplifiersāthe Randall Satan Ola Englund signature model, Engl Invader II E642/2, the tiny but terrifying Mesa/Boogie Mark Five: 25, and the Friedman Double J Jerry Cantrell signature model. Each one delivers monstrously heavy tone in unique ways, underscoring just how many cool options now exist in this realm.
Click on the amp you want to learn about and hear in action or click next to read about them all!
Engl Invader II E642/2
Key Features- Tubes: Four EL34 power tubes, four 12AX7 preamp tubes.
- Output: 100 watts at 4, 8 or 16 ohms.
- Channels: Four completely independent channels for clean, crunch, rhythm, and lead.
- Controls: Channel-specific 3-band EQ, gain and volume knobs, high/low gain switches with volume balancers and switchable, programmable alternate voicing modes, dual master volumes with presence and depth controls.
- Additional Features: Adjustable noise gate, two series/parallel effects loops, tuner out jack, power tube monitoring and protection, MIDI programmable, jacks for both Engl and MIDI footswitches.
The jack-of-all-trades Invader II takes the discrete, 4-channel design of its predecessor and refines it. Four EL34 tubes generate 100 watts of power, while four 12AX7 tubes drive the preamp. Each of its four uniquely voiced channelsāclean, crunch, rhythm, and leadāsport their own dedicated gain, volume, and EQ controls, switchable gain boosting, and a āSoundā switch for choosing alternate modes that can be reprogrammed with different voicings.
The modes can be programmed via the ampās optional Sound Wizard module ($399) on the back panel. There are 12 mini DIP switches for each channel that can alter bass and midrange response, and manage volume attenuation. And if the thought of fiddling with 84 DIP switches seems like itās more trouble than itās worth, the module can be switched off entirely.
There are also two separately adjustable master volumes, as well as global presence and depth controls, individual volume balancing controls for each channelās high- and low-gain modes, two series/parallel effects loops with send level controls, a programmable noise gate, MIDI programmability, internal power tube monitoring and protection, jacks for Englās Z 4, Z 9, and MIDI footswitches, and speaker outputs for 4-, 8- and 16-ohm cabinets.
Ratings
Pros:
More versatility than most will need or ever ask for. Cleans are warm and balanced. Overdrive is smooth, thick and massive-sounding.
Cons:
The sheer number of knobs and switches can feel a little overwhelming. Expensive.
Tones:
Ease of Use:
Build/Design:
Value:
Street:
$3,199
Engl Invader II E642/2
englamps.de
With a Les Paul Custom driving the input, the Invader IIās first channel delivers crisp, full-bodied clean tones with outstanding balance. Overall, the tones sound very even and pack quite a wallop. The stock modeās smooth-as-silk voicing makes it hard to coax Fender Twin-like jangle, but thatās attainable if you press the Sound switch to access the second mode and use the channelās Sound Wizard DIP switches to dial in the tones youāre after.
The second channel turns up the heat and dishes smooth-yet-greasy overdrive with a brawny British-style midrange. Even in its low-gain mode, thereās plenty of gain on tap for the needs of most rock and blues players. Forceful single-note picking squeezes out an authoritative Page-like quack in the highs, and lighter picking emphasizes mid-focused grind. Flipping to the high-gain mode unleashes thick, succulent overdrive that works for ā80s hair-metal riffing in the vein of Blizzard of Oz and Shout at the Devil.
Channel 3 picks up where the second leaves off gain-wise, but with a more modern and aggressive voicing. Boasting a throaty midrange and a thick, rock-solid bottom end, the ampās intense and velvety overdrive is one of the finest sounds Engl has ever delivered. Using a Les Paul with the EQ slightly scooped and the gain at 1 oāclock, the note separation and low-end clarity are astoundingly good. In this channelās high-gain mode, the Sound Wizardās bright switch adds bite to the top end for aggressive metal rhythms, Ć la Slayer.
The ampās fourth channel delivers torrents of liquid gain with a heavy emphasis on the upper midrange. The fluid sustain makes this channel a perfect match for lightning-fast legato leads and phrases. Channel 4 has an obscene amount of gain on tapāeven in its low-gain modeāso itās essential to be mindful of where the control is set to avoid congestion. The ampās adjustable noise gate really comes in handy for cutting down the hiss from the channelās high-gain mode, and its gating clamps down very naturally when the strings are muted.
Friedman Double J Jerry Cantrell
Key Features- Tubes: Four EL34 power tubes, four 12AX7 preamp tubes.
- Output: 100 watts.
- Channels: Clean and dirty.
- Controls: Dedicated 3-band EQ and controls for preamp gain and channel volume on each channel, 3-way brightness switch for clean channel, presence and JBE Brown Eye mode switch for dirty channel, global master volume control.
- Additional Features: Tube-driven serial effects loop, line out jack with level adjustment, two speaker outputs with 4-, 8-, and 16-ohm options.
The Double J amplifier is the result of a partnership between Alice in Chains guitarist Jerry Cantrell and boutique amp engineer/Rack Systems founder David Friedman. Cantrell was one of the first artists to join Friedmanās roster of endorsees, using some of the earliest versions of the Brown Eye head for touring in support of 2009ās Black Gives Way to Blue, as well as for 2012ās The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here.
Cantrell has never been one for complicated rigs, and the Double Jās straightforward design reflects that mindset. The 100-watt power section is fueled by a quartet of EL34s, and sitting at the heart of the ampās dual-channel preamp section are four 12AX7 preamp tubes. The amp is voiced for Friedmanās Vintage 4x12 16-ohm cabinet thatās loaded with two Celestion G12M Greenbacks on top and two Celestion Vintage 30s on the bottom for stronger projection.
Ratings
Pros:
Highly responsive and easy to use. Spectacular three-dimensional cleans. Arguably some of the richest and most complex British high-gain overdrive tones available.
Cons:
Expensive. Using the JBE mode robs volume without an optional mod.
Tones:
Ease of Use:
Build/Design:
Value:
Street:
$3,699 (head) and $1,199 (cabinet)
Friedman Double J Jerry Cantrell
friedmanamplification.com
Channel 1 is tailored for clean tones and has its own 3-band EQ, gain and volume controls, and a 3-way brightness switch. Channel 2 is a customized Brown Eye channel with a 3-band EQ and knobs for gain, volume, and presence. A master volume governing both channels sits at the far left on the front panel. Flipping the rear-panel āJBEā switch activates Cantrellās custom distortion circuit, which adds more saturation and gain, and a tighter bass response. The back panel also has a serial effects loop and line out with adjustable level control.
With a Les Paul Custom, the Double Jās cleans have velvety-smooth highs that are supported by a woody midrange and blooming lows. Raising the treble knob past 2 oāclock introduces a bristling Vox-like edge to the attack, and pulling back the midrange to 10 oāclock yields a clear, authoritative tone thatās perfect for gloomy arpeggiated progressions.
Unlike treble controls used for clean channels on many other high-gain amps, turning the knob up seems to thicken the highs instead of thinning them out, and this is helpful for copping full-bodied plexi-esque cleans at lower volumes. And the brightness switch does a brilliant job of adding a perfect amount of harmonic complexity to the highsāa very useful tool for livening up dark-sounding pickups.
Fans of Cantrellās distinctively chewy and gargantuan tones will not be disappointed by Channel 2ās thick distortion. The overdrive is absolutely flooring, and the note separation within full and complex chords is impressive too. With a Les Paul in dropped C# tuning, the bass and mid knobs at 2 oāclock, treble and gain at 3 oāclock, and a fierce-yet-controlled picking style, the amp easily delivers the hair-raising grind of Cantrellās Dirt-era playing. Dialing back the bass, setting the presence to a little higher than 1 oāclock, and adjusting the gain to around 2 oāclock gets scarily close to the juicy, hot-rodded tone of the guitaristās Facelift years.
The overdrive channel isnāt solely limited to delivering Cantrellās ideal sounds. The channel cleans up exceptionally well if you dial back the guitarās volume, and along the way it sweeps through a rich palette of throaty Marshall-flavored tones that are perfect for British blues and classic rock styles. On the other end of the spectrum, the channelās responsive EQ and gobs of gain on tap enable seriously brutal modern rock and metal tones. The most intense of these happen when you flip the JBE switch, which not only adds just enough gain to push it over the edge, but a ruder and more aggressive voicing to the midrange. Thereās an unfortunate volume drop (a Cantrell preference) thatās pretty noticeable when using this circuit, but for an additional fee, Friedman is happy to install an extra volume control to compensate for the loss.
Randall Satan Ola Englund
Key Features- Tubes: Two 6L6 and two KT88 power tubes, six 12AX7 preamp tubes.
- Output: 120 watts.
- Channels: Overdrive and clean.?
- Controls: Dedicated 3-band EQ and controls for preamp gain and volume on each channel, mid-boost switch, sweep, bright and 3-way voicing switch for clean channel, ā6irthā and ā6rindā frequency controls for overdrive channel, master presence, depth, and volume.
- Additional Features: Series/parallel effects loop with send level adjustment, raw and cabinet-emulated line outputs, speaker outputs for single and multiple 4-, 8-, and 16-ohm cabinets.
The Satan is the result of a two-year collaboration between Swedish death metal master Ola Englund, renowned amp engineer Mike Fortin, and Randall Amplification. Its roots stretch to Englundās Fortin Natas amp that heās used for brutalizing listeners with Six Feet Under and The Haunted. With the sound and feel of that amp in mind, the Satan was designed from the ground up with a customized tone stack, gain structure, and EQ to suit Englundās needs.
Two pairs of 6L6 and KT88 power tubes dish out 120 watts of bone-crushing power while illuminating the amp with a haunting crimson glow. Clean and dirty tones are processed via five 12AX7 preamp tubes. A sixth 12AX7 processes the signal of the ampās series/parallel effects loop.
Ratings
Pros:
Pristine cleans and brilliantly voiced thrash metal overdrive. Gobs of headroom. Stays tight and focused with super-low tunings.
Cons:
Airtight lows and lightning-quick attack limit its usage to faster genres of metal, such as death and thrash.
Tones:
Ease of Use:
Build/Design:
Value:
Street:
$1,966
Randall Satan Ola Englund
randallamplifiers.com
Each channel has its own discrete gain, volume, and 3-band EQ controls, and is governed by master controls for presence, depth, and overall volume. The clean channel sports switches for added brightness and three selectable voicings. The gain channel features a āKillā switch for boosting the upper mids, as well as knobs for changing the frequency sweep of the EQ. Thereās also a cabinet-emulating XLR output with an unfiltered line out jack, multiple speaker outputs, and separate inputs for using passive or active pickups.
Judging from the ampās name, it might come as a surprise that the Satanās clean tones are actually quite good. Using a Les Paul Custom with the clean channelās midrange scooped and the presence at 1 oāclock yields one hell of a crystal-clear tone. Flipping the bright switch allows even more fidelity and treble to pass through without adding any painful āsqueakā to pick attack. The voicings shift between being more-or-less bass and mid focused, and both are extremely useable. Compared to something like a big blackface Fender, itās pretty cold and stiff-soundingābut impressive for a metal-oriented amp.
The Satanās gain channel is a thrash loverās dream, and itās easily one of the clearest and heaviest-sounding Randall has ever offered. With a Les Paul, the lows are both massive and consistently tight, regardless of how the EQ is set. In fact, its voicing is so tightly wound that introducing any sort of low end sag is next to impossible. While providing the overdrive plenty of headroom to breathe, the power ampās 6L6/KT88 combo has the stopping power of a punch to the chest. The combination of all these qualities gives the Satan an uncommon capacity to handle the lower registers of dropped tunings and 7- and 8-string guitars.
The ā6irthā and ā6rindā gain-frequency controls function brilliantly and deliver a wide range of gut-wrenching distortion tones with minimal fuss. Instead of turning up the treble and presence for a razor-like edgeāwhich, in a lot of cases, adds unwanted harshness and buzzāturning the ā6rindā knob revoices the gain itself. This lets you introduce more treble before the EQ without the risk of your sound mutating into a can of bees. You can sweep from the early thrash tones of Trouble, Metallica, and Celtic Frost to unrelenting bowel-shaking tones in the vein of Meshuggah and Lamb of God. With that in mind, donāt expect to hide mistakes behind the Satanās overflowing rivers of gain. This amp will not hide your mistakes, and requires a surgically precise picking hand to coax its tightest and most awesome metal tones.
Mesa/Boogie Mark Five: 25
Key Features
- Tubes: Two EL84 power tubes, six 12AX7 preamp tubes.
- Output: Class AB Dyna-Watt power section with switchable wattage per channel to either 25 or 10 watts at 8 or 4 ohms.
- Channels: Clean and overdrive.
- Controls: Gain, treble, midrange, bass, and volume for each channel. Clean channel midrange boost or cut. Channel-assignable graphic EQ. Separate reverb level and wattage selection for each channel.
- Additional Features: Spring reverb, footswitch jack (footswitch not included), CabClone XLR D.I. output, tube-driven serial FX loop.
The diminutive Mark Five: 25 packs much of the tone and features of Mesaās flagship amplifier into a compact 16-pound package. The preampās six 12AX7 preamp tubes feed a two-EL84 power section for 25 watts of maximum power. The power amp is designed with Mesaās Dyna-Watt technology, which allows each of the two channels to be set separately for either 25- or 10-watts of output. Mesa recommends pairing the head with their Mini Rectifier 1x12 cabinets, which are loaded with a Celestion Vintage 30 speaker.
For such a tiny amplifier, the Mark Five: 25 has a lot of tone-shaping features. Both channels sport dedicated 3-band EQ sections and controls for gain, presence, and volume (the only difference being that the clean channel uses a cut/boost mid control). Thereās six voicing modesāClean, Fat, and Crunch for the clean channel, and Mk. IIC+, Mk. IV, and Extreme for the gain channelāalong with the companyās famous channel-assignable 5-band graphic EQ. Thereās also a small spring reverb onboard, a stripped-down version of Mesaās CabClone cabinet simulator, a serial effects loop, and a 1/4" headphone jack for late-night jamming.
Ratings
Pros:
Feature-laden and easy to set-and-forget. Gorgeous cleans and ripping overdrive.
Cons:
Extreme mode is easily congested with hotter pickups.
Tones:
Ease of Use:
Build/Design:
Value:
Street:
$1,399 (head) and $449 (cabinet)
Mesa/Boogie Mark Five: 25
mesaboogie.com
The Clean mode on the ampās clean channel is one of the best sounding in the mini amplifier realm. With a Les Paul Custom, the tone is tight and precise with plenty of clarity and Fender-like sparkle, and the EQ controls are sensitive enough that even minor adjustments can have dramatic effects on the tone. Its short-tank spring reverb sounds surprisingly deep for its size, and its cavernous wail is sure to surprise a lot of players who are used to the cold-sounding emulated reverbs found on many other mini amps.
Flipping to the channelās Fat mode infuses the tone with tubbier lows and round highs and raises the channelās overall volume somewhat. It also gives the midrange a stronger presence in the mix. The boost and cut abilities of the channelās mid knob have a much more pronounced effect on the ampās punchiness in this mode. The Crunch mode is effectively a full-blown overdrive channel, and with the gain set above 2 oāclock, thereās more than enough gain for both classic and early hard rock. It also cleans up nicely by rolling down the volumes on both a Stratocaster and Les Paul.
Channel 2ās first mode delivers the searing overdrive first heard from one of Mesaās most famous amps, the Mark IIC+. Switching on the graphic EQ with a scooped mid setting and placing the gain knob at 1 oāclock instantly recalls the tight, vicious snarl and lock-step cut of classic ā80s thrash metal like Metallicaās Ride the Lightning and Master of Puppets.
The Mk. IV mode adds a bit more gain and thickens the lows and mids, resulting in a sweeter tone with more sustain that makes playing fast runs feel effortless. Its smooth voicing and hyper-sensitive EQ also make it the most balanced and versatile gain mode of the three. With the gain at 2 oāclock, bass and treble at noon, and judicious use of the mid and presence controls, carving out brutally heavy and thick-bodied rhythms is relatively easy.
For real gain addicts, the Extreme mode piles on more overdrive than should be legal. When using a hot set of humbuckers, however, the trick is to use a conservative amount because dialing the control past 11 oāclock can muddy up the tone.
The idiosyncratic, Summer of Love-era Musicraft Messenger had a short-lived run and some unusual appointments, but still has some appreciators out there.
Funky, mysterious, and rare as henās teeth, the Musicraft Messenger is a far-out vintage guitar that emerged in the Summer of Love and, like so many heady ideas at the time, didnāt last too much longer.
The brainchild of Bert Casey and Arnold Curtis, Musicraft was a short-lived endeavor, beginning in San Francisco in 1967 and ending soon thereafter in Astoria, Oregon. Plans to expand their manufacturing in the new locale seemed to have fizzled out almost as soon as they started.
Until its untimely end, Musicraft made roughly 250 Messengers in various configurations: the mono-output Messenger and the flagship Messenger Stereophonic, both of which could come with the āTone Messerā upgrade, a built-in distortion/fuzz circuit. The companyās first catalog also featured a Messenger Bass, a wireless transmitter/receiver, and various models of its Messenger Envoy amplifier, very few of which have survived, if many were ever made at all.
āTo this day, even fans will sometimes call the decision to use DeArmonds the Messengerās āAchillesā heel.āā
Upon its release, the Messenger was a mix of futuristic concepts and DeArmond single-coil pickups that were more likely to be found on budget instruments than pricier guitars such as these. The Messengers often featured soapbar-style DeArmonds, though some sported a diamond grille. (To this day, even fans will sometimes call the decision to use DeArmonds the Messengerās āAchillesā heel.ā) The Stereophonic model, like the one featured in this edition of Vintage Vault, could be plugged into a single amplifier as normal, or you could split the bridge and neck pickup outputs to two separate amps.
One of the beloved hallmarks of the guitars are their magnesium-aluminum alloy necks, which continue as a center block straight through the tailpiece, making the guitars relatively lightweight and virtually immune to neck warping, while enhancing their playability. Thanks to the strength of that metal-neck design, thereās no need for a thick heel where it meets the body, granting unprecedented access to the higher end of the fretboard.
This Stereophonic model could be plugged into a single amplifier as normal, or you could split the bridge and neck pickup outputs to two separate amps.
The neck was apparently also tuned to have a resonant frequency of 440 Hz, which, in all honesty, may be some of that 1967 āwhoa, manā marketing continuing on through our modern-day guitar discourse, where this fact is still widely repeated on forums and in YouTube videos. (As one guitar aficionado to the next, what does this even mean in practice? Would an inaudible vibration at that frequency have any effect at all on the tone of the guitar?)
In any event, the combination of that metal center blockāresonant frequency or notāthe apple-shaped hollow wooden body of the guitar, and the catās-eye-style āf-holesā did make it prone to gnarly fits of feedback, especially if you engaged the Tone Messer fuzz and blasted it all through the high-gain amp stacks favored by the eraās hard rockers.
The most famous devotee of the Messenger was Grand Funk Railroadās Mark Farner, who used the guitarāand its Tone Messer circuitryāextensively on the groupās string of best-selling records and in their defining live shows, like the Atlanta Pop Festival 1970 and their sold-out run at New Yorkās Shea Stadium in 1971. But even Farner had some misgivings.
The Messengers often featured soapbar-style DeArmonds, though some sported a diamond grille.
In a 2009 interview, he talked about his first test-run of the guitar: āAfter I stuffed it full of foam and put masking tape over the f-holes to stop that squeal, I said, āI like it.āā He bought it for $200, on a $25-per-pop installment plan, a steal even at the time. (He also made it over with a psychedelic paint job, befitting the era, and experimented with different pickups over the years.)
When these guitars were new in 1967, the Messenger Stereophonic in morning sunburst, midnight sunburst, or mojo red would have run you $340. By 1968, new stereo models started at $469.50. Recent years have seen prices for vintage models steadily increase, as the joy of this rarity continues to thrill players and collectors. Ten years ago, you could still get them for about $1,500, but now prices range from $3,000 to $6,000, depending on condition.
Our Vintage Vault pick today is listed on Reverb by Chicagoās own SS Vintage. Given that itās the stereo model, in very good condition, and includes the Tone Messer upgrade, its asking price of $5,495 is near the top-end for these guitars today, but within the usual range. To those readers who appreciate the vintage vibe but donāt want the vintage price tag, Eastwood Guitars offers modern reissues, and eagle-eyed buyers can also find some very rare but less expensive vintage MIJ clones made in the late ā60s and early ā70s.
Sources: Reverb listing from SS Vintage, Reverb Price Guide sales data, Musicraft July 1, 1967 Price Schedule, 1968 Musicraft Catalog, Chicago Music Exchangeās āUncovering The Secret Sounds of the 1967 Musicraft Messenger Guitar,ā MusicPickups.com article on the Messenger.Single-coils and humbuckers arenāt the only game in town anymore. From hybrid to hexaphonic, Joe Naylor, Pete Roe, and Chris Mills are thinking outside the bobbin to bring guitarists new sonic possibilities.
Electric guitar pickups werenāt necessarily supposed to turn out the way they did. We know the dominant models of single-coils and humbuckersāfrom P-90s to PAFsāas the natural and correct forms of the technology. But the history of the 6-string pickup tells a different story. They were mostly experiments gone right, executed with whatever materials were cheapest and closest at hand. Wartime embargos had as much influence on the development of the electric guitar pickup as did any ideas of function, tone, or sonic qualityāmaybe more so.
Still, we think we know what pickups should sound and look like. Lucky for us, there have always been plenty of pickup builders who arenāt so convinced. These are the makers who devised the ceramic-magnet pickup, gold-foils, and active, high-gain pickups. In 2025, nearly 100 years after the first pickup bestowed upon a humble lap-steel guitar the power to blast our ears with soundwaves, thereās no shortage of free-thinking, independent wire-winders coming up with new ways to translate vibrating steel strings into thrilling music.
Joe Naylor, Chris Mills, and Pete Roe are three of them. As the creative mind behind Reverend Guitars, Naylor developed the Railhammer pickup, which combines both rail and pole-piece design. Mills, in Pennsylvania, builds his own ZUZU guitars with wildly shaped, custom-designed pickups. And in the U.K., Roe developed his own line of hexaphonic pickups to achieve the ultimate in string separation and note definition. All three of them told us how they created their novel noisemakers.
Joe Naylor - Railhammer Pickups
Joe Naylor, pictured here, started designing Railhammers out of personal necessity: He needed a pickup that could handle both pristine cleans and crushing distortion back to back.
Like virtually all guitar players, Joe Naylor was on a personal tone quest. Based in Troy, Michigan, Naylor helped launch Reverend Guitars in 1996, and in the late ā90s, he was writing and playing music that involved both clean and distorted movements in one song. He liked his neck pickup for the clean parts, but it was too muddy for high-gain playing. He didnāt want to switch pickups, which would change the sound altogether.
He set out to design a neck pickup that could represent both ends of the spectrum with even fidelity. That led him to a unique design concept: a thin, steel rail under the three thicker, low-end strings, and three traditional pole pieces for the higher strings, both working with a bar magnet underneath. At just about a millimeter thick, rails, Naylor explains, only interact with a narrow section of the thicker strings, eliminating excess low-end information. Pole pieces, at about six millimeters in diameter, pick up a much wider and less focused window of the higher strings, which works to keep them fat and full. āIf you go back and look at some of the early rail pickupsāBill Lawrenceās and things like thatāthe low end is very tight,ā says Naylor. āItās almost like your tone is being EQād perfectly, but itās being done by the pickup itself.ā
That idea formed the basis for Railhammer Pickups, which began official operations in 2012. Naylor built the first prototype in his basement, and it sounded great from the start, so he expanded the format to a bridge pickup. That worked out, too. āI decided, āMaybe Iām onto something here,āā says Naylor. Despite the additional engineering, Railhammers have remained passive pickups, with fairly conventional magnetsāincluding alnico 5s and ceramicsāwires, and structures. Naylor says this combines the clarity of active pickups with the āthick, organic toneā of passive pickups.
āItās almost like your tone is being EQād perfectly, but itās being done by the pickup itself.ā āJoe Naylor
The biggest difficulty Naylor faced was in the physical construction of the pickups. He designed and ordered custom molds for the pickupās bobbins, which cost a good chunk of money. But once those were in hand, the Railhammers didnāt need much fiddling. Despite their size differences, the rail and pole pieces produce level volume outputs for balanced response across all six strings.
Naylorās formula has built a significant following among heavy-music players. Smashing Pumpkinsā Billy Corgan is a Railhammer player with several signature models; ditto Reeves Gabrels, the Cure guitarist and David Bowie collaborator. Bob Balch from Fu Manchu and Kyle Shutt from the Sword have signatures, too, and other players include Code Orangeās Reba Meyers, Gogol Bordelloās Boris Pelekh, and Voivodās Dan āChewyā Mongrain.
Chris Mills - ZUZU Pickups
When Chris Mills started building his own electric guitars, he decided to build his own components for them, too. He suspected that in the course of the marketās natural thinning of the product herd, plenty of exciting options had been left unrealized. He started working with non-traditional components and winding in non-traditional ways, which turned him on to the idea that things could be done differently. āI learned early on that there are all kinds of sonic worlds out there to be discovered,ā says Mills.
Eventually, he zeroed in on the particular sound of a 5-way-switch Stratocaster in positions two and four: Something glassy and clear, but fatter and more dimensional. In Millsā practice, ādimensionalā refers to the varying and sometimes simultaneous sound qualities attained from, say, a finger pad versus a fingernail. āI didnāt want just one thing,ā says Mills. āI wanted multiple things happening at once.ā
Mills wanted something that split the difference between a humbuckerās fullness and the Stratās plucky verve, all in clean contexts. But he didnāt want an active pickup; he wanted a passive, drop-in solution to maximize appeal. To achieve the end tone, Mills wired his bobbins in parallel to create āinterposed signal processing,ā a key piece of his patented design. āI found that when I [signal processed] both of them, I got too much of one particular quality, and I wanted that dimensionality that comes with two qualities simultaneously, so that was essential,ā explains Mills.
Mills loved the sound of alnico 5 blade magnets, so he worked with a 3D modeling engineer to design plastic bobbins that could accommodate both the blades and the number of turns of wire he desired. This got granularāa millimeter taller, a millimeter widerāuntil they came out exactly right. Then came the struggle of fitting them into a humbucker cover. Some key advice from experts helped Mills save on space to make the squeeze happen.
Millsā ZUZUbuckers donāt have the traditional pole pieces and screws of most humbuckers, so he uses the screw holes on the cover as āportholesā looking in on a luxe abalone design. And his patented ācurved-coilā pickups feature a unique winding method to mix up the tonal profile while maintaining presence across all frequencies.
āI learned early on that there are all kinds of sonic worlds out there to be discovered.ā āChris Mills
Mills has also patented a single-coil pickup with a curved coil, which he developed to get a different tonal quality by changing the relative location of the poles to one another and to the bridge. Within that design is another patented design feature: reducing the number of turns at the bass end of the coil. āPretty much every pickup maker suggests that you lower the bass end [of the pickup] to compensate for the fact that it's louder than the treble end,ā says Mills. āThat'll work, but doing so alters the quality and clarity of the bass end. My innovation enables you to keep the bass end up high toward the strings.ā
Even Millsā drop-in pickups tend to look fairly distinct, but his more custom designs, like his curved-coil pickup, are downright baroque. Because his designs donāt rely on typical pickup construction, there arenāt the usual visual cues, like screws popping out of a humbucker cover, or pole pieces on a single-coil pickup. (Mills does preserve a whiff of these ideals with āportholesā on his pickup covers that reveal that pickup below.) Currently, heās excited by the abalone-shell finish inserts heās loading on top of his ZUZUbuckers, which peek through the aforementioned portholes.
āIt all comes down to the challenge that we face in this industry of having something thatās original and distinctive, and also knowing that with every choice you make, you risk alienating those who prefer a more traditional and familiar look,ā says Mills.
Pete Roe - Submarine Pickups
Roeās stick-on Submarine pickups give individual strings their own miniature pickup, each with discrete, siloed signals that can be manipulated on their own. Ever wanted to have a fuzz only on the treble strings, or an echo applied just to the low-register strings? Submarine can achieve that.
Pete Roe says that at the start, his limited amount of knowledge about guitar pickups was a kind of superpower. If he had known how hard it would be to get to where he is now, he likely wouldnāt have started. He also wouldāve worked in a totally different way. But hindsight is 20/20.
Roe was working in singer-songwriter territory and looking to add some bass to his sound. He didnāt want to go down the looping path, so he stuck with octave pedals, but even these werenāt satisfactory for him. He started winding his own basic pickups, using drills, spools of wire, and magnets heād bought off the internet. Like most other builders, he wanted to make passive pickupsāhe played lots of acoustic guitar, and his experiences trying to find last-minute replacement batteries for most acoustic pickups left him scarred.
Roe started building a multiphonic pickup: a unit with multiple discrete āpickupsā within one housing. In traditional pickups, the vibration from the strings is converted into a voltage in the 6-string-wide coils of wire within the pickup. In multiphonic pickups, there are individual coils beneath each string. That means theyāre quite tinyāRoe likens each coil to the size of a Tylenol pill. āBecause youāre making stuff small, it actually works better because itās not picking up signals from adjacent strings,ā says Roe. āIf youāve got it set up correctly, thereās very, very little crosstalk.ā
With his Submarine Pickups, Roe began by creating the flagship Submarine: a quick-stick pickup designed to isolate and enhance the signals of two strings. The SubPro and SubSix expanded the concept to true hexaphonic capability. Each string has a designated coil, which on the SubPro combine into four separate switchable outputs; the SubSix counts six outputs. The pickups use two mini output jacks, with triple-band male connectors to carry three signals each. Explains Roe: āIf you had a two-channel output setup, you could have E, A, and D strings going to one side, and G, B, and E to the other. Or you could have E and A going to one, the middle two strings muted, and the B and E going to a different channel.ā Each output has a 3-position switch, which toggles between one of two channels, or mute.
āIām just saying thereās some unexplored territory at the beginning of the signal chain. If you start looking inside your guitar, then it opens up a world of opportunities.ā āPete Roe
This all might seem a little overly complicated, but Roe sees it as a simplification. He says when most people think about their sound, they see its origin in the guitar as fixed, only manipulatable later in the chain via pedals, amp settings, or speaker decisions. āIām not saying thatās wrong,ā says Roe. āIām just saying thereās some unexplored territory at the beginning of the signal chain. If you start looking inside your guitar, then it opens up a world of opportunities which may or may not be useful to you. Our customers tend to be the ones who are curious and looking for something new that they canāt achieve in a different way.
āIf each string has its own channel, you can start to get some really surprising effects by using those six channels as a group,ā continues Roe. āYou could pan the strings across the stereo field, which as an effect is really powerful. You suddenly have this really wide, panoramic guitar sound. But then when you start applying familiar effects to the strings in isolation, you can end up with some really surprising textural sounds that you just canāt achieve in any other way. You can get some very different sounds if youāre applying these distortions to strings in isolation. You can get that kind of lead guitar sound that sort of cuts through everything, this really pure, monophonic sound. That sounds very different because what you donāt get is this thing called intermodulation distortion, which is the muddiness, essentially, that you get from playing chords that are more complex than roots and fifths with a load of distortion.ā And despite the powerful hardware, the pickups donāt require any soldering or labor. Using a ānanosuctionā technology similar to what geckos possess, the pickups simply adhere to the guitarās body. Submarineās manuals provide clear instruction on how to rig up the pickups.
āAn analogy I like to use is: Say youāre remixing a track,ā explains Roe. āIf you get the stems, you can actually do a much better job, because you can dig inside and see how the thing is put together. Essentially, Submarine is doing that to guitars. Itās allowing guitarists and producers to look inside the instrument and rebuild it from its constituent parts in new and exciting ways.ā
Metalocalypse creator Brendon Small has been a lifetime devotee and thrash-metal expert, so we invited him to help us break down what makes Slayer so great.
Slayer guitarists Kerry King and Jeff Hanneman formed the original searing 6-string front line of the most brutal band in the land. Together, they created an aggressive mood of malcontent with high-velocity thrash riffs and screeching solos thatāll slice your speaker cones. The only way to create a band more brutal than Slayer would be to animate them, and thatās exactly what Metalocalypse (and Home Movies) creator Brendon Small did.
From his first listen, Small has been a lifetime devotee and thrash-metal expert, so we invited him to help us break down what makes Slayer so great. Together, we dissect King and Hannemanās guitar styles and list their angriest, most brutal songs, as well as those that create a mood of general horribleness.
This episode is sponsored by EMG Pickups.
Use code EMG100 for 15% off at checkout!
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Pearl Jam announces U.S. tour dates for April and May 2025 in support of their album Dark Matter.
In continued support of their 3x GRAMMY-nominated album Dark Matter, Pearl Jam will be touring select U.S. cities in April and May 2025.
Pearl Jamās live dates will start in Hollywood, FL on April 24 and 26 and wrap with performances in Pittsburgh, PA on May 16 and 18. Full tour dates are listed below.
Support acts for these dates will be announced in the coming weeks.
Tickets for these concerts will be available two ways:
- A Ten Club members-only presale for all dates begins today. Only paid Ten Club members active as of 11:59 PM PT on December 4, 2024 are eligible to participate in this presale. More info at pearljam.com.
- Public tickets will be available through an Artist Presale hosted by Ticketmaster. Fans can sign up for presale access for up to five concert dates now through Tuesday, December 10 at 10 AM PT. The presale starts Friday, December 13 at 10 AM local time.
earl Jam strives to protect access to fairly priced tickets by providing the majority of tickets to Ten Club members, making tickets non-transferable as permitted, and selling approximately 10% of tickets through PJ Premium to offset increased costs. Pearl Jam continues to use all-in pricing and the ticket price shown includes service fees. Any applicable taxes will be added at checkout.
For fans unable to use their purchased tickets, Pearl Jam and Ticketmaster will offer a Fan-to-Fan Face Value Ticket Exchange for every city, starting at a later date. To sell tickets through this exchange, you must have a valid bank account or debit card in the United States. Tickets listed above face value on secondary marketplaces will be canceled. To help protect the Exchange, Pearl Jam has also chosen to make tickets for this tour mobile only and restricted from transfer. For more information about the policy issues in ticketing, visit fairticketing.com.
For more information, please visit pearljam.com.