Just as Dark Side of the Moon gels with The Wizard of Oz, Division of Laura Lee’s blazing return to punk-rock form, Apartment, is the perfect quarantine soundtrack despite being written long before the pandemic.
A little over 15 years ago, an envelope from Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz’s Epitaph record label crossed my desk. Inside was a CD by a Swedish band I’d never heard of: Division of Laura Lee. The name made me think of those Sara Lee fruit pies you see in the freezer section.
With not-high expectations, I popped Das Not Compute into my drive and, as banal as it sounds, it marked the beginning of a musical turning point for me. Not because the music was necessarily pioneering, but because the unique mix of alternatingly careening and fuzzed-out garage-punk and melancholy shoegaze atmospherics was simply refreshing. For music journalists, the daily deluge of PR-hyped albums can jade you after a while. But Das Not Compute struck me as much for its raucous energy, moody textures, and cool guitar sounds as it did for its lack of affect and pretention—think My Bloody Valentine meets Sonic Youth’s more song-oriented side. I soon tracked down the quartet’s 2002 Black City (also on Epitaph), as well as a compilation of their straight-hardcore ’90s work, 97-99, and I’ve eagerly awaited every album since, from 2007’s Violence Is Timeless to 2013’s Tree and, finally, this year’s Apartment.
Why am I telling you this and thus committing my biggest journalistic pet peeve—inserting myself into a story that’s not about me? I guess it’s because so many of the people I’ve introduced Division to over the years have really dug them. “Why haven’t I heard of these guys before? They’re awesome!” To me, it’s a bit of a travesty they’re hardly known—especially after landing such a promising deal with one of the U.S.’s foremost proponents of punk and post-hardcore bands.
“It’s bittersweet in that it was the best of times,” says guitarist/vocalist Per Stålberg of the short-lived Epitaph deal and their time touring with influential post-hardcore outfit Thursday—which ended abruptly halfway through and saw DOLL heading back to Gothenburg. “We toured a lot and had a really good connection with those guys, but we did a lot of wrongs, too—we were snotty kids. I’m so proud of what we did, though, because we never compromised.” Asked to expound on the “compromise” bit, the still-avid skateboarder says it was “the typical manager thing. Like, ‘Dude, I broke my arm. I can’t tour.’ ‘Oh, well, let’s bring another guy on tour.’ ‘No! No, we wait.’ And we waited. Is that good for your career? Probably not, but honestly I don’t give a shit. I’d rather be me than somebody else. We would probably be bigger if we stuck on and did them, but we didn’t. We can’t change that now.” Adds cofounding bassist/vocalist Jonas Gustafsson, “I guess if we had made it a bit bigger, it would have struck way harder. I don’t think we would still be around now if we were famous for, like, 15 minutes and then lost it all.”
But Stålberg, Gustafsson, and founding drummer Håkan Johansson didn’t leave empty-handed, as the band’s stateside stint had seeded a lot of growth back home. “Violence Is Timeless did really good in Europe and especially in Sweden—which was the opposite of before,” Stålberg explains. “Except for the hardcore scene, nobody really cared about us in Sweden when we were touring the U.S.—or maybe that’s when they found out about us. But [the hardcore crowd] thought we sold out because we played too much [straight-ahead] rock all of the sudden.”
The first single from this year’s Apartment, a scathing brawler called “Hollow Pricks,” was released at the end of 2018. But otherwise it’s taken seven long years for Division of Laura Lee to produce the follow up to Tree. The big reasons for this include the fact that they lost longtime guitarist David Fransson, and each member, including Fransson’s replacement, Viktor Lager, now has kids, plays in other musical projects, and has a day job. (Stålberg operates Welfare Sounds studio in Gothenburg; Gustafsson, in addition to working in retail logistics, played in a TV talk-show house band; and Johansson works as a graphic designer.)
It wasn’t just that life was busy, though. The ambitiousness of their previous LP—they’d convinced themselves they needed to “mature” into something more sophisticated—had worn them out. “Tree was a big step to the left for Division … soundscaping and not so much riffing,” says Lager, the band’s newest member. “It was very hard to play live.” Gustafsson chimes in, “[On Tree] we were working with [producer] Jason Lytle from Grandaddy and we were aiming at something else. So when we started talking about the new album, I had one rule: no vocal harmonies!” Stålberg concurs: “It didn’t feel like we could write larger-than-life pop songs anymore—it felt really phony. We spent a lot of time talking about what the hell to do. Six to seven months after ‘Hollow Pricks’ was released, we knew we only wanted to do punk songs—like, really on-point and uncompromising: Here we are, take it or leave it. The rest of the songs came super fast and easy. Basically back to what we did in ’97, but we’re way better now.”
Then came the pandemic. Slated for a May 8 release in Europe, Apartment was delayed till August in hopes the global coronavirus situation might improve. In the meantime, in a move hearkening back to their DIY roots, DOLL both teased new tunes and revisited their deep catalog at an April 30 gig live-streamed from a Gothenburg drive-in theater. PG spoke to Stålberg, Gustafsson, and Lager a few days later.
Apartment was written long before COVID-19, but many of the lyrics seem inspired by the pandemic. “Safe” talks about “Someday you will be safe / I’ll be here, waiting for love / Take some time not worrying about your altered career and all of that B.S.” “Paris” talks about having to “fear for your life / The primal instinct to survive / Waiting for disaster / Stacking up supplies.” And the urgency of the title track’s—“I need to get out / Out of the apartment … I’m trying to survive / But I can’t get out”—feels like a coronavirus cabin-fever anthem.
Per Stålberg: I know, it’s insane. Especially “Apartment!” But we were actually done recording in May of last year. It just took forever to start with mixes. It was all mixed and mastered in December
Jonas Gustafsson: It’s mainly the lyrics that I wrote, as well—maybe I’d seen too much of The Walking Dead [laughs]. I try to imagine other peoples’ agony, because I’m quite a happy person. I grew up safe in a normal family, I’ve got some money saved up, and everything is fine, but we have a lot of friends who have been damaged by drugs and violence.
Stålberg: When you’re getting older, you can’t really write about how you had a tough time growing up, you know? But the world is still a weird place. Sometimes you feel cornered or alone, even if you have a cool family—and we all do. But sometimes that 18- or 20-year-old dude in you crawls out again and you feel like a weirdo, totally alone. That’s when it’s really easy to write lyrics, I guess.
“Hollow Pricks” feels like a brutal indictment of the mainstream music industry. “I need to wake up rich / And say bye, bye, bye, bye / You hollow pricks / ’Cause I’m DIY and I’m not yours to fix / I got my own plans, thoughts, ideas on how / To make us all be real and forever stay true.” What’s the story behind that?
Stålberg: It was inspired by a conversation I had with friends who said you can only do punk when you’re young. I felt they were all wrong. I don’t give a shit what you think—I haven’t wasted my life on punk rock. I would never believe that. It doesn’t matter who you are or how old you are. You can do whatever you want.
Stålberg and Lager with a stash of (mostly) Teles and Jazzmasters, and select old amps: Fender Super-Sonic and Tone Master heads (the current workhorses), as well as vintage Marshall and Laney boxes.
Jonas, you mentioned that, for Apartment, you had a strict rule against the sorts of vocal harmonies on Tree. Why?
Gustafsson: We do a lot of vocal harmonies in my other projects, but when it comes to Division of Laura Lee it sounds weird. I love when we mix our voices together—we’ve always done a lot of backup vocals—but usually just unisons or octaves. It’s funny though, because one of the first songs we recorded was “Safe,” which was written either during the Tree sessions or immediately after that.
That one and “Always Around” are definitely the mellowest ones on the album.
Gustafsson: Yeah, you can hear the bridge from Tree to Apartment—it’s those two songs. Aside from that it’s really rocking stuff. I like that. I can feel the energy and the desire that we had back in the day.
Stålberg: Viktor wrote that one [“Always Around”]. He sang it, too.
It has a mellow Sonic Youth vibe. What tuning did you use for that, Viktor?
Viktor Lager: It’s open-G—the lowest string is dropped-D, and then it’s G–D–G–B–D.
It’s interesting that the beautiful, melancholic vibe in “Always Around” is similar to older songs like “True Moon” [from Tree], “Breathe Breathe,” and “There’s a Last Time for Everything” [both from Das Not Compute].
Stålberg: I think so, too, because all those songs had different songwriters. “True Moon” was Jonas, and “Breathe Breathe” was David. It doesn’t really matter who writes the songs—when we play together, it sounds like Division.
Every Division album since the ’90s has had some amount of that DIY-punk vibe, but there was a huge shift between 1999’s [now-out-of-print] At the Royal Club and 2002’s Black City. What spawned that move toward more melody, instrumental nuance, and dynamics?
Stålberg: I think a couple of things. When we started the band, I was the oldest—I was 22—but Jonas and Henrik [Röstberg, original cofounding guitarist] were 17 or 18. So much shit happens when you start a band and start spending quality time with each other, talking about music. “Oh, you like that too?!” We’re proud to be from the hardcore scene, but it was not the only thing we listened to. Something that we took up a lot was our love for early shoegaze from England—My Bloody Valentine, the Jesus and Mary Chain—and also our love for bands like Hüsker Dü and Dinosaur Jr.
Stålberg (left) at the helm of his Welfare Sounds studio’s mixing console with one of his many Fender Telecasters. Lager (right) tracking Apartment at Welfare Sounds in Gothenburg with one of his go-to Fender Jazzmasters.
So we started sounding a bit different. We wanted to be a noise-rock band. Lyrically, we started to write different from hardcore—it was hard to stay in that vibe. It was way easier to go with a Stooges kind of vibe. And of course we grew. We played a lot, so we got better. We were tired of trying to write something that was already done. I’m not saying that we ever thought we were groundbreaking, but we wanted to be free in what we did.
Our friends Kalle [Gustafsson] and Don [Alstherberg], who produced Black City, did a lot for our sound, too. They took a lot of the melodies that we tried to hide, and they were like, “No, no, no—this is supposed to be up here, in front of the music.” They helped me and Jonas out on vocals. Like, “It doesn’t sound cool when you [only] scream. Just sing.” We were like, “Oh, okay.” We started using different guitars and different amps, keyboards, and all the weird things they had at Swedish Gramophone Studios [in Gothenburg] because of them, too.
Guitars
Circa-2000 Fender Tele Custom ’72
1978 Greco Les Paul Standard copy
Squier J Mascis Jazzmaster with Seymour Duncan Antiquity II pickups
Amps
Fender Super-Sonic combo
1960s Marshall 4x12 cab
Effects
Ibanez DL10 Delay
Ibanez Delay Champ
Boss RE-20 Space Echo
Way Huge Swollen Pickle
Fulltone OCD
MXR Micro Amp
Gollmer ’60s Trem
Strings and Picks
Ernie Ball Regular Slinky .010–.046 string sets
D’Addario NYXL .010–.046 string sets
Dunlop Ultex 1 mm picks
Guitars
Early-2000s Fender Jazzmaster
Fender American Original ’60s Jazzmaster
Amps
’90s Fender Tone Master head
Various cabs
Effects
Hamstead Soundworks Odyssey
Modified ’90s Pro Co RAT
Wampler Velvet Fuzz
Tru-Fi Colordriver
MXR Booster
MXR Carbon Copy Deluxe
Electro-Harmonix Oceans 11 Reverb
Electro-Harmonix POG
Strings and Picks
D’Addario NYXL .011–.049 sets
Dunlop Max Grip 1 mm picks
Gustafsson: Kalle was in Soundtrack of Our Lives, so he had a total different view on rock music. He brought in a lot of the stuff that they used to play around with when they were recording. Soit was a combination of getting a ton of instruments and amplifiers and all the magic that he had in the studio, and the fact that he was producing us in a way that we had never experienced before. The recordings we did earlier were like, “Yeah, you just do your thing.”
Stålberg: If we said to Kalle, “No, this song should be with some kind of drum machine and some old Moog keyboards,” he made that happen—and that made us change. Also in the beginning it was more about riffs and short songs … you just hit the guitar in somebody’s head, and it was over. We wrote a song called “The Truth Is Fucked” in late ’99 or early 2000, and that was a game changer for us. Before that, the songs all sounded pretty much the same, but this was something different. We all heard it. We were like, “Oh, hell yeah. Let’s do this.”
Speaking of gear, let’s talk about your go-to stuff these days, as well as how you captured tones for Apartment.
Stålberg: [Recording] is what I do on a daily basis, so when it comes to Division I know exactly what we need. We knew we wanted to strip down everything and focus on playing dirty noise-rock. So we did it like we used to back in the day: We were all in the same room in my studio—you could only hear the drums in that room, because we had the guitar cabs in other rooms. When we were finished, we listened to many takes. If something had to be fixed, we did it. Otherwise, we stuck with that. It was really easy. After we recorded the basic tracks with the whole band, we did the overdubs in a different studio, and they were just direct. Actually, it was into a [Roland] Space Echo, a preamp, then into the computer. That way it doesn’t sound as DI as it would if I only played through a preamp. The distortion was all from my pedals. The amp was pretty much the old Space Echo. We didn’t use much of its echo or reverb—we just put them through there for its basic sound.
What kind of mics did you use in the initial sessions?
Stålberg: Basically only a [Shure SM]57 on a cab, but sometimes I used Oktava ribbon mics for the room. They’re awesome—they sound kind of like a Royer. I put them about three feet back from the amp, maybe a bit more.
What about guitars?
Lager: I almost exclusively play Jazzmasters. That’s my favorite guitar. In the early 2000s I bought a Japanese Jazzmaster, plugged it in, and didn’t understand why it didn’t sound good! I was like, “What the fuck is this? The bridge is fucked up, and the pickups are bad and everything … but, it looks cool.”
What had you been playing before that?
Lager: Mainly my ’73 Telecaster Custom. I played the shit out of that guitar—it’s probably the best guitar I own. But I gravitated toward the Jazzmaster because of Sonic Youth and Dinosaur Jr. I was like, “How can they play like that with the trem and stuff?” I had to go online to the OffsetGuitars forum.
To figure out the setup tricks?
Lager: Exactly. I used the original bridge with Loctite [to secure the saddle-height screws] for a while, and then I changed to Mustang saddles, and that was okay. Then I bought the Staytrem bridge and tremolo unit, and swapped out the pickups for Seymour Duncan Antiquity IIs, and I was, like, “Okay, now we’re talking!” For me, the Jazzmaster neck pickup is the Jazzmaster sound, although not as much recently. I’ve actually gone more for the bridge pickup. I have the Mastery bridge on the new American Original ’60s Jazzmaster I bought like two months ago.
Bassist/vocalist Gustafsson onstage with his Sandberg California TM 4-string.
Which instruments did you lean on for Apartment, Jonas and Per?
Gustafsson: I have two Sandberg California basses. They sound so good!
Stålberg: I think I played three guitars, which is not much for Division. Sometimes we have different tunings and a bunch of different guitars. I think 70 percent was my Fender Tele Custom ’72. It’s a Mexican reissue from 2000, maybe. I changed everything you can change in it. It’s been broken everywhere, but it’s one of the best guitars I’ve ever played. It sounds super good. I also used a Greco Les Paul Standard copy from ’78, which is the best Les Paul[-style guitar] I’ve ever played. For the recording, I also bought a Squier J Mascis Jazzmaster and put Seymour Duncan Antiquity II pickups in it.
Per, most of the Teles you play have Wide Range-style humbuckers. Are those old Wide Range pickups or just whatever came in the guitar?
Stålberg: For a while, I had an old one. On this one, I don’t use the Wide Range [neck pickup] anymore. I only use the single-coil [bridge] pickup. It’s a Rio Grande, and it’s the best pickup for that guitar that I’ve ever heard. Back in the day on Black City, it was almost always the Wide Range pickups, though.
Which amps did you guys use during the initial sessions?
Stålberg: I used my Fender Super-Sonic 60-watt with an old Marshall cab from the ’60s.
Lager: I used an old ’90s, 100-watt Fender Tone Master head through a ’70s Marshall 4x12 that Per has. I only use the clean channel, and if you’re using a 4x12, it’s very clean. It’s like the biggest, fattest Fender you can get.
Gustafsson: Live, I’ve been using this TC Electronic RH750. It’s so light and handy, and it has this nice tube tone. I use that and a 4x10 Ampeg cabinet. In the studio, I go direct, but I completely rely on Per there. I just plug in and play.
How about effects?
Stålberg: I picked six pedals for the whole recording … pretty much the same that I’ve had for a long time with Division: an old Ibanez DL10 delay, another old Ibanez analog delay from the’80s called the Delay Champ. Then I have a Boss RE-20 Space Echo, and after that it’s a Way Huge Swollen Pickle fuzz, a Fulltone OCD, and an MXR Micro Amp. I think I had my Gollmer ’60s tremolo, as well. It’s from the ’90s. But I’ve seen them only in the Gothenburg area.
Basses
Sandberg California TT
Sandberg California TM
Fender Jaguar Bass
Amps
TC Electronic RH750 head
Ampeg 4x10 cab
Effects
Mooer Compressor
Electro-Harmonix Bass Blogger
Strings and Picks
Ernie Ball .045 string sets
Dunlop .73 mm picks
Lager: The overdrive I’ve been using a lot is a Hamstead Soundworks Odyssey. I also have a ’90s Pro Co RAT modified to original specs, and a Wampler Velvet Fuzz—I use the tight mode, because it has a great midrangey cut. That’s the main problem with a Big Muff—you don’t cut through. On a couple of songs, I used the Tru-Fi Colordriver as a fuzz. It’s based on the Colorsound Power Boost. I also have the MXR Booster and a Carbon Copy Deluxe. For the harmonized riffs in “Paris,” I used the Electro-Harmonix Oceans 11 Reverb, and on “Dodge Bullets,” I think there’s a[n EHX] POG with a delay.
Gustafsson: I like to try out pedals, but almost every time it ends up with me not using it. For Division of Laura Lee, I use a little Mooer compressor—I just turn it on and turn it up so I get a little distortion. Then I use an Electro-Harmonix Bass Blogger to just totally overdrive. It’s more for just making noise.
The core of Division—you, Jonas, and Håkan—has been together for nearly a quarter century. Do you have any advice for other guitarists on band longevity?
Stålberg: I’m lucky to know these guys. We all have other bands, but we were all aware that we were best together. We felt for a very long time that we had something that can’t be explained—I think a lot of bands do. But there are also a lot of managers and labels that confuse people into believing they’re bigger than each other. We were super nice and loved hanging out with people. We weren’t interested in boosting our egos. We don’t live off playing in Division of Laura Lee anymore—we did for a long time, but we just couldn’t do 200-plus gigs a year anymore. We had to tone it down. But the love is still there when we record and when we are in the practice room—it’s still the same feeling as it was in ’97. So my advice would be to just stick through it. We’re all different, and people are mean to each other sometimes, but it can all be worked out.
Written at the turn of the century, “The Truth Is Fucked” was a stylistic epiphany and major turning point for Division of Laura Lee.
“It was inspired by a conversation I had with friends who said you can only do punk when you’re young,” says Per Stålberg of “Hollow Pricks,” Apartment’s first single. “I felt they were all wrong … I haven’t wasted my life on punk rock.”
Division of Laura Lee revisits their deep catalog and teases new Apartment tracks during this April 30, 2020, performance live-streamed from a drive-in theater in Gothenburg, Sweden.
Well-designed pickups. Extremely comfortable contours. Smooth, playable neck.
Middle position could use a bit more mids. Price could scare off some.
$2,999
Ernie Ball Music Man StingRay II
A surprise 6-string collaboration with Cory Wong moves effortlessly between ’70s George Benson and Blink-182 tones.
Announced at the 2025 NAMM show, Cory Wong’s new collaboration with Ernie Ball Music Man scratched an itch—namely, the itch for a humbucker-loaded guitar that could appease Wong’s rock-and-R&B alter ego and serve as complement to his signature Fender Strat. Inspiration came from no further than a bandmate’s namesake instrument. Vulfpeck bassist Joe Dart has a line of signature model EBMM basses, one of which uses the classic StingRay bass body profile. So, when Wong went looking for something distinctive, he wondered if EBMM could create a 6-string guitar using the classic StingRay bass body and headstock profile.
Double the Fun
Wong is, by his own admission, a single-coil devotee. That’s where the core of his sound lives and it feels like home to him. However, Wong is as inspired by classic Earth, Wind & Fire tones and the pop-punk of the early ’90s as he is by Prince and the Minneapolis funk that he grew up with. The StingRay II is a guitar that can cover all those bases.
Ernie Ball has a history of designing fast-feeling, comfortable necks. And I can’t remember ever struggling to move around an EBMM fretboard. The roasted maple C-shaped neck here is slightly thicker in profile than I expected, but still very comfortable. (I must also mention that the back of the neck has a dazzling, almost holographic look to the grain that morphs in the light). By any measure, the StingRay II’s curves seemed designed for comfort and speed. Now, let’s talk about those pickups.Hot or Not?
A few years ago EBMM introduced a line of HT (heat-treated) pickups. The pickups are built with technology the company used to develop their Cobalt and M-Series strings. A fair amount of the process is shrouded in secrecy and must be taken on faith, but EBMM says treating elements of the pickup with heat increases clarity and dynamic response.
To find out for myself, I plugged the StingRay II into a Fender Vibroverb, Mesa/Boogie Mark VII, and a Neural DSP Quad Cortex (Wong’s preferred live rig). Right away, it was easy to hear the tight low end and warm highs. Often, I feel like the low end from neck humbuckers can feel too loose or lack definition. Neither was the case here. The HT pickup is beautifully balanced with a bounce that’s rich with ES-335 vibes. Clean tones are punchy and bright—especially with the Vibroverb—and dirty tones have more room for air. Individual notes were clear and articulate, too.
Any guitar associated with Wong needs a strong middle-position or combined pickup tone, and the StingRay II delivers. I never felt any significant signal loss in the blended signal from the two humbuckers, even if I could use a bit more midrange presence in the voicing. The midrange gap is nothing an EQ or Tube Screamer couldn’t fix, though. And not surprisingly, very Strat-like sounds were easy to achieve for having less midrange bump.
Knowing Wong’s love for ’90s alt-rock, I expected the bridge pickup to have real bite, and it does, demonstrating exceptional dynamic range and exceptional high-end response that never approached shrill. Nearly every type of distortion and overdrive I threw at it sounded great, but especially anything with a scooped-mid flavor and plenty of low end.
The Verdict
By any measure, the StingRay II is a top-notch, professional instrument. The fit and finish are immaculate and the feel of the neck makes me wonder if EBMM stashes some kind of secret sandpaper, because I don’t think I’ve ever felt a smoother, more playable neck. Kudos are also due to EBMM and Wong for finding an instrument that can move between ’70s George Benson tones and the hammering power chords of ’90s Blink-182. Admittedly, the nearly $3K price could give some players pause, but considering the overall quality of the instrument, it’s not out of line. Wong’s involvement and search for distinct sounds makes the StingRay II more than a tired redux of a classic model—an admirable accomplishment considering EBMM’s long and storied history.
Ernie Ball Music Man StingRay II Cory Wong Signature Electric Guitar - Charcoal Blue with Rosewood Fingerboard
StingRay II Cory Wong - Charcoal BlueThe Melvins' Buzz Osborne joins the party to talk about how he helped Kurt Cobain find the right sounds.
Growing up in the small town of Montesano, Washington, Kurt Cobain turned to his older pal Buzz Osborne for musical direction. So on this episode, we’re talking with the Melvins leader about their friendship, from taking Cobain to see Black Flag in ’84 to their shared guitar journey and how they both thought about gear. And in case you’ve heard otherwise, Kurt was never a Melvins roadie!
Osborne’s latest project is Thunderball from Melvins 1983, something of a side trajectory for the band, which harkens back to this time in Osborne’s life. We dig into that and how it all relates and much more.
In challenging times, sometimes elemental music, like the late Jessie Mae Hemphill’s raucous Mississippi hill country blues, is the best salve. It reminds us of what’s truly essential––musically, culturally, and emotionally. And provides a restorative and safe place, where we can open up, listen, and experience without judgement. And smile.
I’ve been prowling the backroads, juke joints, urban canyons, and VFW halls for more than 40 years, in search of the rawest, most powerful and authentic American music. And among the many things I’ve learned is that what’s more interesting than the music itself is the people who make it.
One of the most interesting people I’ve met is the late Jessie Mae Hemphill. By the time my wife, Laurie Hoffma, and I met Jessie Mae, on a visit to her trailer in Senatobia, Mississippi, she’d had a stroke and retired from performing, but we’d been fortunate to see her years before at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage festival, where she brought a blues style that was like quiet thunder, rumbling with portent and joy and ache, and all the other stuff that makes us human, sung to her own droning, rocking accompaniment on an old Gibson ES-120T.
To say she was from a musical family is an understatement. Her grandfather, Sid, was twice recorded by Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress. While Sid played fiddle, banjo, guitar, harmonica, keyboards, and more, he was best known as the leader of a fife-and-drum band that made music that spilled directly from Africa’s main artery. Sid was Jessie Mae’s teacher, and she learned well. In fact, you can see her leading her own fife-and-drum group in Robert Mugge’s wonderful documentary Deep Blues(with the late musician and journalist Robert Palmer as on-screen narrator), where she also performs a mournful-but-hypnotic song about betrayal—solo, on guitar—in Junior Kimbrough’s juke joint.
That movie, a 1982 episode of Mr. Rogers’ Neighborhood (on YouTube) where she appears as part of Othar Turner’s Gravel Springs fife-and-drum band, and worldwide festival appearances are as close as Jessie Mae ever got to fame, although that was enough to make her important and influential to Bonnie Raitt, Cat Power, and others. And she made two exceptional albums during her lifetime: 1981’s She-Wolf and 1990’s Feelin’ Good. If you’re unfamiliar with North Mississippi blues, their sound will be a revelation. The style, as Jessie Mae essayed it, is a droning, hypnotic joy that bumps along like a freight train full of happily rattling box cars populated by carefree hobos. Often the songs ride on one chord, but that chord is the only one that’s needed to put the music’s joy and conviction across. Feelin’ Good, in particular, is essential Jessie Mae. Even the songs about heartbreak, like “Go Back To Your Used To Be” and “Shame on You,” have a propulsion dappled with little bends and other 6-string inflections that wrap the listener in a hypnotic web. Listening to Feelin’ Good, it’s easy to disappear in the music and to have all your troubles vanish as well—for at least as long as its 14 songs last.“She made it clear that she had a gun—a .44 with a pearl handle that took up the entire length of her handbag.”
The challenge I’ve long issued to people unfamiliar with Jessie Mae’s music is: “Listen to Feelin’ Good and then tell me if you’re not feeling happier, more cheerful, and relaxed.” It truly does, as the old cliché would have it, make your backbone slip and your troubles along with it. Especially uptempo songs like the scrappy title track and the charging “Streamline Train.” There’s also an appealing live 1984 performance of the latter on YouTube, with Jessie Mae decked out in leopard-print pants and vest, playing a tambourine wedged onto her left high-heel shoe––one of her stylish signatures.
Jessie Mae was a complex person, caught between the old-school dilemma of playing “the Devil’s music” and yearning for a spiritual life, sweet as pecan pie with extra molasses but quick to turn mean at any perceived slight. She also spent much of her later years in poverty, in a small trailer with a hole in the floor where mice and other critters got in. And she was as mistrustful of strangers as she was warm once she accepted you into her heart. But watch your step before she did. On our first visit to her home, she made it clear that she had a gun—a .44 with a pearl handle that took up the entire length of her handbag and would make Dirty Harry envious.
Happily, she took us into her heart and we took her into ours, helping as much as we could and talking often. She was inspiring, and I wrote a song about her, and even got to perform it for her in her trailer, which was just a little terrifying, since I knew she would not hold back her criticism if she didn't like it. Instead, she giggled like a kid and blushed, and asked if I’d write one more verse about the artifacts she’d gathered while touring around the world.
Jessie Mae died in 2006, at age 82, and, as happens when every great folk artist dies, we lost many songs and stories, and the wisdom of her experience. But you can still get a whiff of all that––if you listen to Feelin’ Good.
Intermediate
Intermediate
How David Gilmour masterully employs target notes to make his solos sing.
When I was an undergraduate jazz performance major struggling to get a handle on bebop improvisation, I remember my professor Dave LaLama admonishing me, “If you think playing over the fast tunes is hard, wait until you try playing over the ballads. What Dr. Lalama was trying to impart was that playing fast scales over fast changes could get you by, but playing melodically over slow tempos, when your note choices are much more exposed, would really test how well you could create meaningful phrases.
Although getting past the “this scale works over these chords” approach to improvisation generally requires hours of shedding, aiming for particular target notes (specific notes over specific chords) is an optimum strategy to maximize your practice time. In the realm of rock guitar, I can think of no greater master of the melodic target note technique while playing ballads than David Gilmour.
For the unfamiliar few, Gilmour was first enlisted by fledgling psychedelic rockers Pink Floyd in 1967, when original guitarist/vocalist Syd Barrett began having drug-induced struggles with mental health. The band experimented with various artistic approaches for several years before refining them into a cohesive “art rock” sound by the early ’70s. The result was an unbroken streak of classic, genre-defining conceptual albums that included Meddle, The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals, and The Wall. Although bassist/vocalist Roger Waters assumed the role of de facto bandleader and primary songwriter, Gilmour was a significant contributor who was praised for his soulful singing and expertly phrased lead playing that seemed to magically rework pedestrian blues phrases into sublimely evocative melodies. His focus on musicality over excessive displays of technique made him a musician’s musician of sorts and earned him a stellar reputation in guitar circles. When Roger Waters left Pink Floyd in the mid ’80s, Gilmour surprised many by calmly assuming the leadership mantle, leading the band through another decade of chart-topping albums and stadium tours. Although Pink Floyd are not officially broken up (keyboardist and founding member Richard Wright died in 2008 while Gilmour and drummer Nick Mason joined forces with Ukrainian singer Andriy Khlyvnyuk on the one-off single “Hey Hey Rise Up” in 2022), Gilmour has mostly spent the last few decades concentrating on his solo career. His latest release, Luck and Strange, features his wife, novelist Polly Sampson, as primary lyricist and daughter Romany Gilmour as vocalist on several tracks. His recent tour filled arenas around the world.
Let’s take a page from Gilmour’s hallowed playbook and see how incorporating a few well-chosen target notes can give our playing more melody and structure.
For the sake of simplicity, all the examples use the Gm/Bb major pentatonic scale forms. In my experience as a teacher, I find that most students can get a pretty solid handle on the root-position, Form-I minor pentatonic scale but struggle to incorporate the other four shapes while playing lead. One suggestion I give them is to work on playing the scales from the top notes down and focus on the four highest strings only. I believe this is a more logical and useful approach to incorporating these forms into your vocabulary. Try playing through Ex. 1, Ex. 2, Ex. 3, and Ex. 4, which are based on the top-down approach of the Form I, Form II, Form IV, and Form I (up an octave) shapes respectively.
Ex. 1
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
Ex. 4
Once you’ve gotten a handle on the scales, try playing Ex. 5, which is loosely based on the extended introduction to Pink Floyd’s “Shine On You Crazy Diamond.” We begin by soloing over a static Gm chord for four measures. As target notes, I’ve chosen the root and 5th of the G minor chord ( the notes G and D, respectively). In the first measure, we’re starting in a minor pentatonic Form I with a bend up to the root of the Gm chord. A flurry of notes on beat 4 sets us up for the bend to the D in the second measure. The D note is again targeted in measure three—this time up an octave via a shift into the minor pentatonic Form II shape. Measure four aims for the G tonic up an octave, but ends with a bend that targets a C—the root of the IVm (Cm) chord in the final measure. By focusing on target notes and connecting them with embellishing licks, your lead lines will have a much better sense of direction and melodic narrative. Also, by only targeting the root and 5th of the chord, the target note approach will be easily transferrable to songs in a G blues context (G pentatonic minor over a G major or G dominant tonality).
Ex. 5
A further exploration of this approach, Ex. 6 begins with a two-beat pickup that resolves to the scale tonic G. This time however, the G isn’t serving as the root of the Im chord. Instead, it’s the 5th of Cm—the IVm chord. Employing the root of the pentatonic scale as the fifth of the IVm chord is a textbook Gilmour-ism and you can hear him use it to good effect on the extended intro to “Echoes” from Live in Gdansk. When approaching the C on beat 2 of the second full measure, bend up from the Bb on the 6th fret of the 1st string then slide up to the C on the 8th fret without releasing the bend or picking again. In the final measure, I’ve introduced two Db notes, which serve as the b5 “blue note” of the scale and provide melodically compelling passing tones on the way to the G target note on beat 4.
Ex. 6
Exclusively positioned in the Form-IV G minor pentatonic shape, Ex. 7 is based on a bluesy lick over the I chord in the first and third measures that alternately targets a resolution to the root of the IV chord (C ) and the root of the V chord (D7#9) in the second and fourth measures. Being able to resolve your lead phrases to the roots of the I, IV, and V chords on the fly is an essential skill ace improvisers like Gilmour have mastered.
Ex. 7
Now let’s turn our attention to the Bb major pentatonic scale, which is the relative major of G minor. Play through the Form I and Form II shapes detailed in Ex. 8 and Ex. 9 below. You’ll see I’ve added an Eb to the scale (technically making them hexatonic scales). This allows us a bit more melodic freedom and—most importantly—gives us the root note of the IV chord.
Ex. 8
Ex. 9
Channeling the melodic mojo of Gilmour’s lead jaunts on Pink Floyd’s “Mother” and “Comfortably Numb,” Ex. 10 targets chord tones from the I, IV, and V (Bb, Eb, and F) chords.
The muted-string rake in first measure helps “sting” the F note, which is the 5th of the Bb. Measure two targets a G note which is the 3rd of the Eb. This same chord/target note pairing is repeated in the third and fourth measures, although the G is now down an octave. For the F and Eb chords of measures five and six, I’ve mirrored a favorite Gilmour go-to: bending up to the 3rd of a chord then releasing and resolving to the root (an A resolving to an F for the F chord and a G resolving to an Eb for the Eb chord.) The final measure follows a melodic run down the Bb scale that ultimately resolves on the tonic. Be sure to pay attention to the intonation of all your bends, especially the half-step bend on the first beat of measure seven.
As a takeaway from this lesson, let’s strive to “Be Like Dave” and pay closer attention to target notes when soloing. Identify the roots of all the chords you’re playing over in your scales and aim for them as the beginning and/or ending notes of your phrases. Think of these target notes as support beams that will provide structure to your lead lines and ultimately make them more melodically compelling.