Breathe new life into vanilla arpeggios.
Chops: Intermediate
Theory: Intermediate
Lesson Overview:
• Understand the basics of suspended harmonies.
• Learn how to blur the line between major and minor.
• Create intervallic phrases that give your improvisations more variety.
Click here to download a printable PDF of this lesson's notation.
Feeling bored with your single-note soloing ideas? Here’s a lesson designed to expand your lick repertoire and help you break out of ingrained habits by using a simple, yet powerful method of transforming arpeggios. By building on what you already know, this lesson will guide you through a straightforward process that will spice up your solos and help you develop your own personal expressive identity on the instrument.
We’ll focus on two sacrosanct arpeggios every guitar player should know—major 7 and minor 7—and carefully transform them into new sounds and shapes.
Just to make sure we all start from the same place, here’s a little review. The formula for making an arpeggio is based off of tertian harmony (street translation: taking every other note in a scale). Any major scale has seven notes, regardless of its root. Remember, chords and arpeggios contain the same notes. The only difference is that an arpeggio is linear, while the notes are vertically stacked in a chord.
For this lesson I’ll use a G major scale (G–A–B–C–D–E–F#). Now let’s extract a Gmaj7 arpeggio from this scale by taking every other note, beginning with G (G–B–D–F#).
By moving one of these notes in this arpeggio up or down by a specific interval, we can immediately create new and interesting sounds without straying too far from the harmony. This means you can freely employ all these alterations over major and minor chords without getting dirty looks from the rest of the band or audience. For this lesson, I’ll adjust only one note and stay within the limits of the basic harmony (otherwise we could get into very deep water, really fast).
Ex. 1 shows the original maj7 arpeggio in both one and two octave fingerings. If you’re not familiar with them, take a moment and get acquainted.
Click here for Ex. 1
Before we get into the next example, here’s a brief explanation of suspended (“sus”) harmony. A sus harmony replaces the 3 of the chord or arpeggio with a pitch either a whole-step below or a half-step above. Swapping the 3 for a 2 or 4 creates the suspended sound.
Ex. 2 lowers the B to an A making the arpeggio a Gmaj7sus2 (G–A–D–F#). Throughout this lesson, carefully listen to the subtle difference between the original arpeggio and each new version. Take time to allow that sound to get into your ears.
Click here for Ex. 2
If we move the 3 up a half-step to the 4, we get a maj7sus4. Play Ex. 3 and listen to the difference in the sound.
Click here for Ex. 3
So far we’ve adjusted the 3, but for the last permutation of this lesson let’s take the 5 down a half-step (G–B–C#–F#). This alteration gives us the #11 or #4, which is the characteristic note of the Lydian mode. Ex. 4 shows this new arpeggio fingering. This is a lovely sound and one that will add a bit more spice to the harmony. I often use a maj#11 chord in place of a maj7 chord when playing genres of music that have consistent 7th-chord harmonies, such as R&B, gospel, and pop.
Click here for Ex. 4
Ex. 5 and Ex. 6 get these sounds in your ears and offer two different sets of fingerings for each arpeggio. Slowly work through these permutations to get them under your fingers and build up speed. It’s amazing how quickly you’ll become sensitized to these variations.
Click here for Ex. 5
Click here for Ex. 6
The next four examples (Ex. 7 through Ex. 10) are various solo motifs that demonstrate how to apply these sounds. Ex. 10 is unique in that it goes through all three variations.
Click here for Ex. 7
Click here for Ex. 8
Click here for Ex. 9
Click here for Ex. 10
With Ex. 11 we shift our focus to minor variations. Here, I repeat the same format I used previously and outline a simple Gm7 arpeggio (G–Bb–D–F) in both one and two octaves. These fingerings will no doubt be more familiar because this arpeggio is contained within the minor pentatonic scale—the scale we guitarists usually learn first. For this section of the lesson, feel free to drop these immediately into your next epic blues jam or rock excursion. They will translate perfectly and break you out of well-worn pentatonic riffs.
Click here for Ex. 11
Ex. 12 drops the Bb to an A (G–A–D–F), which results in a m7sus2 arpeggio. Note this is different from the maj7sus2 which has an F#. Moving the 3 up to the 4 yields the m7sus4 arpeggio found in Ex. 13.Click here for Ex. 12
Click here for Ex. 13
For Ex. 14 we drop the 5 in our Gm7 arpeggio down a half-step to Db (G–Bb–Db–F) to create a m7b5. This arpeggio is particularly handy because the b5 is the “blue note” in the minor pentatonic blues scale.
Click here for Ex. 14
With Ex. 15 and Ex. 16 you have a chance to compare and contrast the minor variations, complete with two different sets of fingerings. Get these into your ears and playing—you won’t be disappointed!
Click here for Ex. 15
Click here for Ex. 16
Finally, let’s conclude the lesson with four little motifs (Ex. 17 through Ex. 20). In Ex. 20, I play all three variations in rapid succession.
Click here for Ex. 17
Click here for Ex. 18
Click here for Ex. 19
Click here for Ex. 20
Practice slowly and let your fingers and ears adjust to the nuances of these new sonorities. Wait—I think I just heard the sound of Pandora’s Box opening!
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Warm Audio Pedal76
warmaudio.com
Though compressors are often used to add excitement to flat tones, pedal compressors for guitar are often … boring. Not so theWarm Audio Pedal76. The FET-driven, CineMag transformer-equipped Pedal76 is fun to look at, fun to operate, and fun to experiment with. Well, maybe it’s not fun fitting it on a pedalboard—at a little less than 6.5” wide and about 3.25” tall, it’s big. But its potential to enliven your guitar sounds is also pretty huge.
Warm Audio already builds a very authentic and inexpensive clone of the Urei 1176, theWA76. But the font used for the model’s name, its control layout, and its dimensions all suggest a clone of Origin Effects’ much-admired first-generation Cali76, which makes this a sort of clone of an homage. Much of the 1176’s essence is retained in that evolution, however. The Pedal76 also approximates the 1176’s operational feel. The generous control spacing and the satisfying resistance in the knobs means fast, precise adjustments, which, in turn, invite fine-tuning and experimentation.
Well-worn 1176 formulas deliver very satisfying results from the Pedal76. The 10–2–4 recipe (the numbers correspond to compression ratio and “clock” positions on the ratio, attack, and release controls, respectively) illuminates lifeless tones—adding body without flab, and an effervescent, sparkly color that preserves dynamics and overtones. Less subtle compression tricks sound fantastic, too. Drive from aggressive input levels is growling and thick but retains brightness and nuance. Heavy-duty compression ratios combined with fast attack and slow release times lend otherworldly sustain to jangly parts. Impractically large? Maybe. But I’d happily consider bumping the rest of my gain devices for the Pedal76.
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EarthQuaker Silos
earthquakerdevices.com
There is something satisfying, even comforting, about encountering a product of any kind that is greater than the sum of its parts—things that embody a convergence of good design decisions, solid engineering, and empathy for users that considers their budgets and real-world needs. You feel some of that spirit inEarthQuaker’s new Silos digital delay. It’s easy to use, its tone variations are practical and can provoke very different creative reactions, and at $149 it’s very inexpensive, particularly when you consider its utility.
Silos features six presets, tap tempo, one full second of delay time, and three voices—two of which are styled after bucket-brigade and tape-delay sounds. In the $150 price category, it’s not unusual for a digital delay to leave some number of those functions out. And spending the same money on a true-analog alternative usually means warm, enveloping sounds but limited functionality and delay time. Silos, improbably perhaps, offers a very elegant solution to this can’t-have-it-all dilemma in a U.S.-made effect.
A More Complete Cobbling Together
Silos’ utility is bolstered by a very unintimidating control set, which is streamlined and approachable. Three of those controls are dedicated to the same mix, time, and repeats controls you see on any delay. But saving a preset to one of the six spots on the rotary preset dial is as easy as holding the green/red illuminated button just below the mix and preset knobs. And you certainly won’t get lost in the weeds if you move to the 3-position toggle, which switches between a clear “digital” voice, darker “analog” voice, and a “tape” voice which is darker still.
“The three voices offer discernibly different response to gain devices.”
One might suspect that a tone control for the repeats offers similar functionality as the voice toggle switch. But while it’s true that the most obvious audible differences between digital, BBD, and tape delays are apparent in the relative fidelity and darkness of their echoes, the Silos’ three voices behave differently in ways that are more complex than lighter or duskier tonality. For instance, the digital voice will never exhibit runaway oscillation, even at maximum mix and repeat settings. Instead, repeats fade out after about six seconds (at the fastest time settings) or create sleepy layers of slow-decaying repeats that enhance detail in complex, sprawling, loop-like melodic phrases. The analog voice and tape voice, on the other hand, will happily feed back to psychotic extremes. Both also offer satisfying sensitivity to real-time, on-the-fly adjustments. For example, I was tickled with how I could generate Apocalypse Now helicopter-chop effects and fade them in and out of prominence as if they were approaching or receding in proximity—an effect made easier still if you assign an expression pedal to the mix control. This kind of interactivity is what makes analog machines like the Echoplex, Space Echo, and Memory Man transcend mere delay status, and the sensitivity and just-right resistance make the process of manipulating repeats endlessly engaging.
Doesn't Flinch at Filth
EarthQuaker makes a point of highlighting the Silos’ affinity for dirty and distorted sounds. I did not notice that it behaved light-years better than other delays in this regard. But the three voices most definitely offer discernibly different responses to gain devices. The super-clear first repeat in the digital mode lends clarity and melodic focus, even to hectic, unpredictable, fractured fuzzes. The analog voice, which EQD says is inspired by the tone makeup of a 1980s-vintage, Japan-made KMD bucket brigade echo, handles fuzz forgivingly inasmuch as its repeats fade warmly and evenly, but the strong midrange also keeps many overtones present as the echoes fade. The tape voice, which uses aMaestro Echoplex as its sonic inspiration, is distinctly dirtier and creates more nebulous undercurrents in the repeats. If you want to retain clarity in more melodic settings, it will create a warm glow around repeats at conservative levels. Push it, and it will summon thick, sometimes droning haze that makes a great backdrop for slower, simpler, and hooky psychedelic riffs.
In clean applications, this decay and tone profile lend the tape setting a spooky, foggy aura that suggests the cold vastness of outer space. The analog voice often displays an authentic BBD clickiness in clean repeats that’s sweet for underscoring rhythmic patterns, while the digital voice’s pronounced regularity adds a clockwork quality that supports more up-tempo, driving, electronic rhythms.
The Verdict
Silos’ combination of features seems like a very obvious and appealing one. But bringing it all together at just less than 150 bucks represents a smart, adept threading of the cost/feature needle.